prep sc1 186 and 190

186.
   (31792-!-item-!-188;#058&006164)

Laos has a land area
   about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.

A. about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many

B. of about the same size as Great Britain(‘s) is, but in Laos there is a population of only 4 million, and many

C. that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area, but in Laos with a population of only 4 million people, many of them
  啰嗦

D. comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only 4 million in population, and many
   

size和area不可比

E. comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only 4 million people, many of whom
    这里that指代的是area

CE

请问C为什么错，E为什么好

190.
            (26333-!-item-!-188;#058&001956)

The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.

A. some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter

B. some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had written charters

C. some that formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written charters

D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter

E. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter

A

E选项为什么错了？

1. C. that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area （比较不对称the same size as GB's land area，去掉size或land area 多余), but in Laos with a population of only 4 million people(people或a population of 去其一，population已经有people的意思）, many of them(这个我不是很确定但感觉them改成whom更好,避免run-on sentence)
  

2. E. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter

我做的时候是这样排出的-some...,others...固定搭配，中间无需while， 感觉with也有问题，但还没有找到理论根据，盼望牛牛解答！

谢谢，Elisa MM 

Disagree：186中 (1)“population和people重复”吗？可是E选项正确，也是a population of only 4 million people

                                  (2)that（=land area）is about the same size as Great Britain's land area ,我觉得比较是对等的

Pending：(1)186中的， many of them 是不是必须改成 many of whom；)“population和people重复”吗？

                  (2) 190, E选项的合理理由

斑竹呀，牛牛呀，你们快出来吧！

186：size和area是可以比的，因为area有面积的意思.
但是不能像A里面那样说两个area是the same,而要用equal或者comparable来表达数值上的对等，而不是地域或其他方面上的对等.另外A里面，where无所指。
C里面没有必要用定从，用形容词短语就可以，更加简洁，而且意思没减少.with短语做状语修饰many of them不合理.
population和people一个是"数量",一个人人群，重心不同，不重复.

190：E里面with多余.some...others...的短语使用错误.

Agree： 186题，C选项中，

（1）关于是of them 还是of whom：but是一个连词，需要后面是一个完整的句子，如果"many of whom"是对的话，那么，“but”后面的就是一个短语了，所以这里用 many of them 是合理的。这里可以参考OG11黄皮89

89、Presenters at the seminar, one who is blind, will demonstrate adaptive equipment that allows visually impaired people to use computers.

(A)  one who

(B)  one of them who

(C)  and one of them who

(D)  one of whom

(E)   one of which

答案D， one of whom is blind不是一个clause

（2）同意aeoluseros 斑竹的说法， “but in Laos with a population of only 4 million people, many of them”中“with a population of only 4 million people”做为many of them的伴随状语，逻辑不通，而且还有相互引用的问题

Pendding：“190：E里面with多余.some...others...的短语使用错误”？可是选项都是some ..others...

umm...是指中间不必有while，累赘.

应看做是一种特殊的非限定性定从.

这里one of whom is blind 确实只能是做非限制性定语修饰seminar，而此题情况不太一样，but做连词，后面确实要接句子。

A选项，but后介词短语，加非限定从，错误，且where 关系代词不对。

B选项  a land area of ...表部分概念，改变句意，且and many 后为句子 与 but句子用逗号连接错误。

C选项，that is wordy ，but 后为介词短语错误。且many of them 后的句子用逗号连接错误。

D选项同A选项。

E选项but后为a population of only 4 million people,many of whom...此处为并列句的省略结构，全句可以看成Laos has a land  area comparable to that of Great Britain but (laos has) a population of only 4 million people, many of whom are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.E选项省略了相同的主语和谓语。这里只有E选项能将省略后的内容还原，其他选项不能还原。 many of whom 同样做非限定从修饰people.（比较的逻辑性我没有提，大家都讲得差不多了），这是我关于but后面句子的一点看法，请指点。

190.的E 选项错在，1，添加with，将原文的主要部分改为从属部分，2，强加while 转折，递进连词。总的来说就是改变了句子意思。

agree：

现在再看190E，就觉得while是错得最刺眼的。

关于while做“比较”时省略的用法

while引导省略式状语从句的条件：a从句主语与主句主语相一致；b从句是系表结构。同时满足以上两个条件之后，省去从句中的主语和系动词

所以我们经常会看到： while doing的出现，否者while后面必须接一个clause，参见OG11黄皮134

134. Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A)  fatigue among shift workers, and have raised

(B)  fatigue among shift workers, and raised

(C)  and fatigue among shift workers while raising

(D)  lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised

(E)   and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

答案E

在190E中，不能用while，而应该改成compaired to ,但是即使词改对了仍然会照成歧义，会理解为修饰前面的commercial ventures