- UID
- 699485
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2011-12-7
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
提纲：1.医院中病人感染的减少不一定是洗手液的效果，其他因素如医院配备的设施，医生的水平、术后护理等
2. 实验室的结果不一定对实际有效，浓度、实验室可人为控制物理、化学因素
3、即使上述有效，也要考虑洗手液的价格，是否经济等；且不一定所有的医院都需要，也许他们感染本来就少。
字数：488
In the memo above, the author recommended that all hand-washing stations throughout the hospital system should apply UltraClean to prevent serious patient infections. It seems at first glance to be an obvious conclusion to utilize UltraClean based on a laboratory study and the subsequent test at the hospital in Workby. However, close scrutiny of the argument reveals the recommendation may not obtain the anticipated effect ,rife with holes and assumptions.
First and foremost, the assumption--few cases of patient infection is ascribed to the adoption of UltraClean – is unwarranted, with the author ignoring other possible factors conductive to the reduction of infection. First, the hospital participating in the test may have disparate levels of the medical treatment. And common sense tells us that better hygienic environment and high-tech and proficient doctors’ equipment are always less likely for patient infection. With standard surgical operation and careful attendance after surgery, the patients recuperate faster and expose to less risk of infection. Besides, the author assumes all the patients are identical to the test , however , he neglects the severity of the disease ,as well as the kinds , which also have a consequential influence on the infection. Without ruling out these influencing factors the assumption is unconvincing.
In addition, the author relies on another assumption ,stronger germicidal efficacy in the laboratory study indicates its better function in the hospital, which suffers from several critical flaws. For instance, the laboratory has a specific condition to test the effect of UlraClean, and the physical and chemical influence factors can be modulated artificially to the optimum, unlike in the hospital all the factors are objective which cannot be adjusted. Moreover, the excellent effect of a concentrated solution perhaps be diminished when they are carried out by a regular solution in the hospitals. Unless the author considers the notable flaws between laboratory and hospital, the conclusion are not logically acceptable.
Finally , even though we accept the foregoing assumptions of study and test, it does not follow that all the hand-stations should use UltraClean as their liquid hand soaps. Maybe the UltraClean is more expensive than the same kind of hand soaps so that it aggravate the economical burden of the health service. And we might have more affordable choice, as well as effective, for the hand-stations. Or if there’s not serious patient infections in all hospitals and the hospital with serious cases is a special one, then the generalization of UltraClean is dispensable.
As it stands, though the recommendation to supply UltraClean in all hand-stations may function in effect, it is on the basis of unpersuasive assumptions. To corroborate the argument, the author ought to justify that the numerous factors can be ruled out to the reduction of infection and that the preeminent effect in the laboratory will reemerge in the hospital. Additionally, UltraClean should be substantiated to be economic and all the hand-stations are needed to supplied with UltraClean for certain.
|
|
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2012-4-19 21:19:01
收藏
收藏
楼主
