GMAT sc复习日志

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 21:32:20

之前看了两个贴很有启发，决定实践新方法，通过语感来做sc，而不是机械的实践规则，确实没有什么规则是放之四海而皆准的。从昨天晚上到现在我仔细的感觉了20多道perp了，尤其是perp里的gwd题，对我的启发非常大，我现在已经逐渐开始有感觉了，时间花的相当值得。具体的进化过程可以看我盖的楼哈。

gwd题对语感的要求是最高的，看起来最平行的可能是不对的，只有表意最准确，最清晰，最简洁，句子的重心最稳当的，就是对的。

我的方法如下：1，划线部分较短重点看语法问题，划线部分较长且选项涉及语序的优先看逻辑问题。
2，语法问题就是GWD所谓的大平行概念（修饰的并列，类似事物的比较，相反事物的比较，时间前后的比较）（关注than as or 等）
3，划线部分发现不了问题的看选项（主语的词性，谓语的完整，代词的多余，词汇的重复使用，固定搭配）4，排除选项，切记切记，要从拿得准的语法点入手，拿不准的不到迫不得已不要用，盲目自信的用了排除了，结果就会是排除错了。

我的套路如下：看到题第一步是消除紧张，通过读完整句意——主谓宾+平行关键词like，and，previous，once等 + 从句主谓宾（that，which具体指谁，with sth这个sth的动词是什么），先确定是“平行”还是“非平行”题
非平行题，至少要通过确定选项中的2个以上考点来选择，不然太容易错了。

我目前的问题
通过理解句子意思，判断which和ing等用法还是不够准。
than后面的内容到底是跟谁比，第一遍读完有时分不清比的是主语还是宾语。was，being，the这种词都是有含义的，要从意思的角度分析到底用哪个什么时候用with，and，逗号，while，ving，which，that怎样才能更精确的表达意思

我每次出错犯的毛病
选项没有纵向对比所有考点，过于自信的直接从某一个考点就先排除了几项然后挑了个对的而不是排除了所有错的，这样非常非常容易错。
我目前对语义的理解已经有以下几方面感觉（总结中），欢迎纠正

语义清晰
modifier的位置距离被修饰语越近，表意越清晰
修饰语不能改变句子的重心

语义准确
动作和时态的搭配准确
动名词和名词的使用要准确（如by a & b指的是用这个动作v-ing，还是用这个方法-tion）

语义简洁
强调某个内容的表达方式不重复出现（如is consistently doing）

难题讨论
6楼、9楼、25楼、33楼，37楼

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 21:46:47

语感绝对是建立在语法知识的基石之上的

我目前在看prep 08

之前错误的方法是：根据“题目释义”，只读主干，after during in by 这些后面的全都不看，除非是在划线部分前后
昨天一战伤口还在事实证明对于目前的我来说这方法是不靠谱的。虽然我现在有时还在省略着看，但是对于急于求成的新手来说（比如昨天之前的我），不读完整意思只读主干的方法要慎用，上场之后这种方法会让你速度很快，但是也很慌张，我昨天就是。
而且这种方法无法达到通过语法提高对语义的理解，顺带提高逻辑和阅读的作用。而N多牛人，都推荐的是先搞定语法，提高理解能力，另外两项将被顺水推舟。

现在正在尝试的方法是，也就是NEILJ牛人所说的套路是，培养理解语义找对应的语感，还在尝试中
疑问：
这位牛人是翻译成中文理解题目的，我明白这样会理解的更透，更容易发现问题。但是，中文翻译是和英文同步进行吗？眼睛看英文，大脑出中文？还是速过一遍，再一遍中文？
我现在还做不到加中文进去。哪位解解惑？
目前看prep的方法是：读完整的句子，自己分析题干和选项，看prep解释的时候关注语义方面的内容，对应再回去看一遍题目找到解释里面所说的那种感觉。

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 21:50:32

The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that（the campaign） have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.

发现了have这个问题之后，秒杀C不难
但是我发现prep对BY using和which used的解释是我自己看没有想到的。
182.
The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.

A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced
B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced
C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
把重心转移到了by之后的内容上
D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced
E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
which使using变成了used

总结如下：

会改变句子含义的几种情况
Using，变成了which used，句子的时态发生了变化
Because Rising interest变成了 a rise of interest

会改变句子重心的几种情况
A——using变成了A——by using，从强调前面变成了强调后面

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 22:07:53

动名词 vs 名词的区别是什么

以下两道题中，rising和 a rise， imitating and practicing 和 imitation and practice都有逻辑上的差别，但是我还感觉不好这种差别在哪。

我自己的总结为，强调动作的时候，用动名词更好一点，有点时效性的意味在里头。（真是废废，不过真的很难分出来）
比如rising interest这件事，使贷款买更贵了，ing好。而不是一次加息，使贷款买更贵了。
下面那道，I & P模仿和练习都是做方法将的，强调的不是动作，ing不好。I&都用名词的话，做方式方法跟着BY更好一些。

Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short-term interest rate again last month, analysts said that they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon because rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit
A. rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit
B. rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensive
C. a rise in interest rates make it more expensive to buy on credit
D. a rise in interest rates make buying on credit more expensive
E. a rise in interest rates makes it more expensive for them to be bought on credit

In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane Goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicing.
A. exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicing
B. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitating and practicing
C. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice
D. exhibit the kind of curiosity by which new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice
E. exhibit the kind of curiosity where new patterns of behavior and expression are passed on to others by imitation and practice

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 22:24:59

动词的前后对应——be than be/ do than do遇到more than比较结构要警觉

Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to set dividends more conservatively than they were
A. to set dividends more conservatively than they were
B. to set dividends more conservatively than they have been
C. to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends
D. that they will be more conservative than they were in setting dividends

选项分析：
A. 实义动词to set(表达预测，将来时)与系动词were不平行，如果比较级的第一部分用副词，那么修饰的是动词set，than之后句子就不能是系动词(were/have been)，而是应该用do: to set Div. more conservatively than they have done.
B. to set与have been不平行，要在been后面加上setting以修正平行。
Correct；be + adj + in doing something很顺口, e.g. She is very active in posting questions on CD.；时态也很好：to be表示从现在开始的未来，have been 从过去到现在，时间轴上没有空缺
C. Expect搭配错误，不能用that从句，应该用to；were的时态问题
D. 不能用that从句，应该用to； to set错误，应该改为in setting
E. that they will be more conservative than they have been to set dividends

我的总结如下：
1，do 对应than do，be对应than be
to set对应than后面的结构不一定要有to，但是不能是be动词，比如were
to set 对应 have been setting，to be 对应 have been后面不需要其他动词

2，than前后的时间空缺
我第一次感觉到时间差的问题，醍醐灌顶。
to be接have been刚好没有时间空缺
will be接 were，类型是对应了，将来（现在）过去，差中间一段现在。

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 22:48:15

遇到OR要警觉/by和through有区别
Because the budget package in Congress promises a combination of higher taxes and reduced spending that may slow economic growth, many in the credit markets wonder whether the Federal Reserve will compensate and help the economy by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even if they push them lower.
A. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even if they push
B. by its keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even by their pushing
C. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even by pushing
D. through their keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even push
E. through their keeping interest rates low, or perhaps it will even push

这道题我没有很快速的做出来，读到了C才发觉了题干的问题，对OR还是不够敏感。
读到D的时候我问自己，后面有时没有哪些硬伤，through和by哪个更对？拉到下面就有了解释，对作者充满敬仰。。。
题目释义： many … wonder whether the FR will compensate & help … by keeping, or even by pushing…
考点：
Or并列结构前后要平行对称
1. 动词优于one’s doing
2. 代词指代
3. through和by的区别：表示“通过做B达成了A（A已经做到）”时倾向于through，表示“通过做B做A(A还在被做)”是倾向用by。
选项分析：
A. Or前后不对称；they无所指，Federal Reserve为单数
B. Its keeping不如keeping简洁有效；their指代错误
C. Correct，or perhaps even前的逗号是强调作用
D. Their指代错误；one’s doing不如doing简洁有效；Or前后不对称
E. Their指代错误；one’s doing不如doing简洁有效；Or前后不对称；it很突兀，而且没有指代对象

我的总结
1，through和BY的区别：
前者更倾向于放在过去式、完成时中，但是我想这种区别应该并不绝对，只是倾向。
2，使句子更简洁的方法
把one‘s doing改成doing多数情况可以保持句意不变
自己写作不要用one’s doing这种结构。

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 23:06:20

that included和including区别
including可以做介词

United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic Party during his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee.
A. that included
B. which includes
C. including
D. some of which were
E. among them being
这道题我看第一遍没办法在A和C之间进一步排除，算一道难题，对我现在的水平。
简读法在这道题上出了问题，DI was appointed to posts ， that这样读觉得很顺，但其实加上during等，就不那么顺了。
题目释义：DI was appointed to several posts……,including……
考点：
1. 定语从句；普通的非限定性定语从句要用which引导(个别非限定性定语从句依然用that引导，但不在GMAT考核范围之内)，而限定性定语从句要用that引导。(关于限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句区别见07prep语法笔记)
2. 介词结构；这里including并不是做伴随使用，Include和continue都很少有V-ing用法，这里的including是介词。
选项分析：
A．引导普通的非限定定语从句用which；改为which后，which与所指的posts相隔太远，也不太好。
B．根据句意，定语从句应该修饰several posts，故为复数，使用includes 错误,并且时态上讲应该使用一般过去时；which与所指的posts相隔太远，也不太好。
C． Correct；including比which included更为简洁、明确。
D． some of which与所指的posts相隔太远，相比之下不如C好；而且其改变了原句的含义。
E． Being累赘；among them being修饰对象不明确(awkward)，并且无法引导独立主格。

我的总结
从语义上，不区分定语从句这些语法点的时候，that到底在理解上有哪里不好呢？
我想有2方面，1是that接着terms但显然不是修饰这个2，那么that就是修饰前面的句子，是那件事appointed to posts within...during...that，这个时候后面接的是两个职位（事情vs职位，这样语义就出现了问题）
但带着这种想法，又读了一遍之后是觉得that included不对了，但是觉得including也不那么对了。
解释里说它是介词，好吧，那我只能记住这道题了。

including做介词，句子的感觉是posts（within...during...including）后三个介词成分并列，但是and却不在最后，而在within和during中间
所以说没有完美的句子

easy2010 · 发表于 2010-10-26 23:20:47

lz 好认真啊俺今天没做sc 好罪恶俺也有sc进度贴都不好意思更新

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 23:38:06

lz 好认真啊俺今天没做sc 好罪恶俺也有sc进度贴都不好意思更新

-- by 会员 easy2010 (2010/10/26 23:20:47)

原来发帖可以帮助集中精力哈，我也刚发现，自己更新word笔记时从未从此，加油吧，我昨天一战失利倍加悔恨，今天开始要求大脑开始工作了，之前看书觉得很机械，理解的东西想的太少了

torisea · 发表于 2010-10-26 23:39:51

Ving的修饰对象随主句时态而变化
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

这是OG上某道题，有印象的。第一次按语感做，A和D稍微犹豫一下之后可以选出来A，D我的理解是句子重心变化所以不对，看完解释反而晕了。
选项分析：
A. Correct；
B. 句子结构不完整，and前半分句没有谓语动词；over the past twenty years错误修饰adulthood
C. having amassed改成了amassing时态上发生变化，即amass发生的时间有变化，使得逻辑不合理；句子结构不完整，and前半分句没有谓语动词；over the past twenty years错误修饰adulthood
D. 由于v-ing短语无法伴随修饰现在完成时，所以就只能做定语，也即就近就是最近的adulthood。
E. 同D

OG对D的解释
The final descriptor in present tense, nowdrawing conclusions … does not fit the opening clause, which is inpresent-perfect tense (have amassed a wealth …) and seems to modify adulthood.d.

1. V-ing(present participle)修饰：

V-ing结构在句子中可以做定语，状语。
1) 放在句子末尾时，如果前面是主谓宾结构，如果同时时态上与主句搭配合理，V-ing结构作状语，作为：
伴随动作，表与主句动词同时发生的动作
伴随结果，表主句动作带来的结果。
此时注意其逻辑主语的判断：其所修饰分句的动作发出者。
放在句子末尾时，如果前面是主谓宾结构，如果同时时态上与主句搭配不合理(如本题D,E选项)，V-ing结构作定语修饰前面名词。

我的总结
1，我认为我对句子重心转移的判断是正确的，不需要prep如此复杂的分析也可以找到合理理由拒绝D
2， Ving不能跨越时态修饰全句，从语义的方面理解是（我，having已经搜集好数据了，are now drawing现在开始出结论）vs（我have已经搜集好数据了，now drawing同时现在出结论）感觉是这样的区别，哪位指点一下？

GMAT sc复习日志

不能无故增加介词（句子重心会发生改变）

遇到OR要警觉/by和through有区别

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