GMAT sc复习日志

torisea

以下是引用ciduo777在2007/2/26 17:58:00的发言：

GWD-10-Q39  In Japan, a government advisory committee called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company , the largest telephone company in the world, so it would be two local phone companies and one long-distance provider.
首先看这个句子是什么意思：日本的一个政府咨询委员会要求把NTT这个世界上最大的电话公司拆分成2个本地电话公司和1个长途电话公司。
造句的话，最好最清楚的结构就是：主谓宾。特别是像本题这样主谓宾皆全的句子，更不好用被动语态。这里面只有C是这样的舒畅表达。

In Japan

, a government advisory committee called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the largest telephone company in the world, so it would beA选项：
<1>首先上来In japan放在前面当整个句子的状语就是不好的选择：这里要说的是“日本的...委员会“如何，因此in japan放在committee的后面修饰committe更恰当。比如，我们说“中国国务院发布2号文件“，我们不会说"在中国，国务院发布2号文件。"
<2>" so it would"罗索，意图指代修饰成分，而且"so it would be 2 local,,,1 distant..."也是有逻辑错误的。因为拆分之后，it would be nothing.

The breakup of the world’s largest telephone company, Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, was called for by a government advisory committee in Japan

, so it would be
B选项：
<1>首先有A<2>里面的逻辑错误。
<2>这里用被动罗索又表意不清。

A government advisory committee in Japan

called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the world’s largest telephone company, intoC是对的。

The breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the world’s largest telephone company, was called for by a government advisory committee in Japan

, so it would beD选项：
和B的错误一样。

Called for by a government advisory committee, the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company in Japan

, the world’s largest telephone company, was to be intoE选项：
除了罗索和表达不顺畅外，breakup was to be into...companies也是不合逻辑的。

tuscan

很认真的好帖，有几题也是我一直在看的难点

torisea

estimate的平行助动词 were
251. (GWD-1-Q29)
Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.
Sth and problems have been by，竞选，which they 。。。
A.    Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.

they不太对，暂时保留
B.    Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted.
报告，has 估计that
C.    Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidential election, a new study estimates.
头重，排除
D.    A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not been counted in the 2000 United States presidential election.        
报告 in estimating不对，排除
E.    A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast.
报告，has，暂时保留

在剩下ABE时，A有they不如BE清楚排除，B和E都不错，差异在于were和had，开始我觉得had好，毕竟是过去的过去，后来看到了estimate，觉得were好，于是排除E选B

torisea

A is to B what C is to D 定从的一个固定用法


253. (GWD 4-Q13)
A leading figure in the Scottish enlightenment, Adam Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism what Marx's Das Kapital is to socialism.
领军人物，A‘s book are to sth what MD is to sth
人物，书，MDK三者比较有问题
A.    Adam Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism what
B.    Adam Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism like
C.    Adam Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism just as
D.    Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism similar to  
E.    Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what一开始把leading figure翻译成领先指标了，整个理解都觉得很奇怪。取舍之后觉得人物vs figure对应它的另一个含义正确一点，转回来了。
similar to和what的取舍上，虽然不觉的similar好，但觉得what放在这里缺成分，然后就选错了。


吃一堑长一智，这是一个固定结构记住了。
下面是我查出来的：


意思为：A对B来说就象C对D一样
what引导表语从句,作are（第二个）的表语.A is to B what C is to D 固定句式
例句：1 A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man
2 Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow
3 Smell is to the nose what taste is to the tongue

torisea

254. (GWD-29-Q36)
Section 301 of the 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act enables the United States Trade Representative to single out a country as an unfair trader, begin trade negotiations with that country, and, if the negotiations do not conclude by the United States government's being satisfied, to impose sanctions.
句意：某法某章节 enables 贸易代表 to do sth as sb， do sth with sb， and 如果N不如何，to do sth
划线：By sb‘s being 。。。
找平行：To对应的是后面三个do，在BD里选，如果没有满意conclude to感觉比conclude by 更对，D
A.    by the United States government's being satisfied, to impose
B.    by the United States government's satisfaction, impose
C.    with the United States government's being satisfied, imposing
D.    to the United States government's satisfaction, impose      
E.    to the United States government's satisfaction, imposing

prep的分析

2.    conclude的固定搭配：conclude by doing sth./ conclude with sth.：以……结束，借此后面接的是结束的方式，而不是结束时的效果。
She concluded by saying she was proud to be from Salford.
Each chapter concludes with a short summary.
*:conclude可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动词

D选项分析
D.    correct；本题的conclude是不及物动词，后面跟的不是某个具体的方式，而是某个结果、效果，不应该用conclude by/with，所以A,B,C就直接排除了。

torisea

255. (GWD-12-Q19)
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
原题：Commitment by sb to， 它（指代不清）运作的不错 过去， makes 它 可能 to 错失signs 或 误解读 when。。
划线：it不太对
分析：最先排除了BD，纠结ACE，其中AC代词都不太对，E又有点头重，不过还是E好一点，清楚。
A.    Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
B.    An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
人，worked well是物不对
C.    An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
人，they，it，暂保留
D.    Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.  
‘s用的很奇怪，排除
E.    Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
头重，但是they 就一个还很清楚

prep对one的解释
1.   one是核心词指代，且为泛指。

B   句子表达的含义是“经理使得missing signs和misinterpreting onesmore likely”，是谁missing signs和misinterpreting不清楚；第一个one就近指代a course of action没问题(相当于同位语，后接同位语从句)；第二个ones指代的是signs，而不是signs ofincipient trouble(one是核心词指代，且为泛指)；when they doappear的修饰对象错误，应该直接修饰misinterpreting，现在却成了整个句子的时间状语修饰了makes，且they无所指。
E.   Correct；Being强调是一个动作，gerund phrase做主语；由于a course of action是泛指，后面应该用One指代而不是it更为合适。

秒杀技
关于秒杀：其实本题可以秒杀，越是长句子越容易秒杀----所谓秒杀就是从某一个判题点出发瞬间排除其他所有的选项，长句子往往可以通过理解了句子的各部分含义后，重组出自认为句子重心、含义，最合理的句子，通过4-1 split得出唯一的正确选项；如本题，只要看出最合理的意思是“非常遵从过去的行为”使得“经理犯错”（行为一导致行为二），就可以迅速建立答案倾向为E，时间不够马上选

torisea

171. (GWD-10-Q2) (GWD-11-10)
Marconi's conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
M‘s 概念是 as 电话替代，一个私人工具，instead，它是相反的，是一个公共联络工具
划线：it不对，可以改前面或者后面A不对；BDE都是把电话或者conversation放后面然后which或what，指代都不对。
A.    Marconi's conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is
B.    Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is
C.    Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become
D.    Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become      
E.    Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

不是而是关系里，要了解每一个修饰语的修饰对象是否正确。由于存在opposite的关系，修饰语的准确很容易成为考点。


prep：
1.     conceive的固定搭配

(cannot) conceive of (doing) something
conceive that （不用虚拟语气）
conceive of something/somebody as something
conceive what/why/how etc
conceive sth. (such as idea)

torisea

Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November.
A.    because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will
B.    with the economy's strength continuing, analysts predicted for weeks that the target
C.    because the economy continues strong, analysts predicted for weeks that the target would
D.    due to the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target      
E.    due to the fact of the economy's continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will

这道题是因果关系。没有过多的平行并列。
DE用due to排除，with doing不好，排除，AC纠结，差异是predict和target后助动词两方面，A表达for weeks的动作更精确，但后面是will，C的predict动词一般，但是用了would对预测这种事可能更好，我纠结之后选了C，哎一声叹息
我觉得是predicting这个用法压过了would的好处，看prep的解释，如此精准。。。如下


考点： 逻辑表达，  

1)   本题主要考察的时态和虚拟语气。时态上，for weeks，for有持续的含义，所以用现在完成时正确；同时，since February. the Fed连续5次加息，那么在这持续加息的日子中分析家也就持续predicting，所以完成进行时正确。
2)   区分will，would。这里的意思表示，很肯定的断定**发生，没有虚拟，没有与现在相反的语境，所以，用will最好。Predict是要搭配will的，不同于expect to do。除了用在过去时态中，would用在虚拟里（与现实相反），不用在肯定语境中。

torisea

176. (GWD17-Q12)
Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200 years, excepting for the domains of administration and teaching, the English language was never really spoken on the island.
A.    excepting for
B.    except in
C.    but except in
D.    but excepting for    
E.    with the exception of

连词的作用就是把两个完整句放在一句话里连起来，没有连词，两句话必须要分开，中间用逗号就不对了
这里我一开始还以为except和but有意思上的重复，BC觉得B更好，结果看了答案发现，连词but是必不可少的。

torisea

178. (GWD-1-Q21)
That twenty-one ceramic dog figurines were discovered during the excavating of a 1,000-year-old Hohokam village in Tempe, Arizona, has nearly doubled the number of these artifacts known to exist.
A.    That twenty-one ceramic dog figurines were discovered during the excavating
B.    Twenty-one ceramic dog figurines discovered at the excavation
C.    Discovering twenty-one ceramic dog figurines at the excavating
D.    Ceramic dog figurines, twenty-one of which were discovered during excavating    
E.    The discovery of twenty-one ceramic dog figurines during the excavation

很是纠结的题。。
1，不是平行题
2， 考点是找一个主语，对应has doubled，是东西还是事件ABD都是复数先排除了
3， 剩CE，考点是during ing还是during tion。都无法准确的判断，只能都读一遍再比比了，E貌似好一点吧，选E。