请教两道逻辑题

1.     Below is an excerpt from a letter that was sent by the chairman of a corporation to the stockholders.

A number of charges have been raised against me, some serious, some trivial. Individuals seeking to control the corporation for their own purposes have demanded my resignation. Remember that no court of law in any state has found me guilty of any criminal offense whatsoever. In the American tradition, as you know, an individual is considered innocent until proven guilty. Furthermore, as the corporation’s unbroken six-year record of growth will show, my conduct of my official duties as chairman has only helped enhance the success of the corporation, and so benefited every stockholder.

Which of the following can be properly inferred from the excerpt?

(A) The chairman believes that all those who have demanded his resignation are motivated by desire to control the corporation for their own purposes.

(B) Any misdeeds that the chairman may have committed were motivated by his desire to enhance the success of the corporation.

(C) The chairman is innocent of any criminal offense.

(D) The corporation has expanded steadily over the past six years.

(E) Any legal proceedings against the chairman have resulted in his acquittal.

答案是D，我也能理解，问题是A错在哪里了？

Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:

(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.

(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.

(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.

(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.

(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.

这个为什么是 A，而不是E呢？

1. infer题目, 答案必然能够从题目中推出,

文中说: 因为私欲妄图控制公司的人要求他辞职, 我们简单的用 "坏人" 代替这类人

文中信息就是: "坏人"要求他辞职

选项A说: 要求他辞职的人都是 "坏人"

比较一下, 这个是不正确的, 比如: 全部 "坏人" 和部分 非"坏人" 都要求他辞职, 符合文中条件, 但是A就不符合了..体会一下...

2. 文中信息说, 伦敦如何如何, 结论说应该推广到其他城市

缺少一个关键信息, 就是其他城市和伦敦的相似性, 所以A是答案,

E, 放在文中虽然没错, 但是不解决问题, 没有填补伦敦-->其他城市这个gap 

thanks for Stavan.

第二道题的问题是“Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT”

题目的意思是说“下面这些选项都是以上结论成立的前提假设，EXCEPT” 选的是不是Assumption的那一个。

A是Assumption之一啊。 

汗...非常抱歉..一边做饭一边看题目...只是比较了一下选项...说错了...非常非常不好意思...

这个题目选A......

因为如果Local Industry是主要污染源比如90%, 那么当然是可以得出结论...

但是就算Local Industry不是最主要的污染源, 比如40%, 如果对LI限制, 让其污染量下降, 同样也可以减少污染

如, 我们假设城市污染指标为10, LI为4, 让LI下降到1, 那么城市污染指标变成7, 得到很大改善了....

所以A选项是不必须的...

再次对粗心的回复表示歉意

第二个题目为什么D是assumption呢?

我觉得D到没有搭桥啊

跟An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city 是否 desirable有什么关系呢? 只要说明能不能increase就行了吧,所以我认为D是out of scope

而A很好,应该是assumption, 我想LONDON是majorcity这个东西是常识吧, 可以用在GMAT里面,也就是说london和其他主要城市一样,环境问题来自于当地工业

looking forward to response!

搜了一下, 原来这两道题目是大全的B-1B-2

烦请楼主mm把标题改下, 方便大家以后讨论

第二道题目实在是晕啊

搜了下老帖子看了还是晕

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=24&replyid=366106&id=44244&page=1&skin=0&Star=2

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=24&replyid=442507&id=51713&page=1&skin=0&Star=2

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=24&replyid=660308&id=74660&page=1&skin=0&Star=2

供大家参考

实在是晕,这道

大家来看看我的分析:

       In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.

逻辑: L实施air-pollution regulations on local industry --> 鸟数量in and around London 增加 ---> 要在其他城市实施air-pollution regulations on local industry

这里边, 计划的目的是要让鸟数量增加

Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:

(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.

原文逻辑链是 说 air-pollution regulations  可以提高鸟数量

所以A是在原文逻辑链之外的, 因为并没有讨论air-pollution problems 原因是什么

(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.

(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.

 架桥: 鸟数量in and around London 增加 --L和其他城市一样-> 要在其他城市实施air-pollution regulations on local industry

 架桥: 鸟数量in and around London 增加 --L和其他城市一样-> 要在其他城市实施air-pollution regulations on local industry

(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.（A）

架桥: 鸟数量in and around London 增加 --其他城市也想要鸟数量增加-> 要在其他城市实施air-pollution regulations on local industry

如果取反的话, 就是根本不想要鸟数量增加, 那么就断了 要在其他城市实施air-pollution regulations on local industry 这个结论,

(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.

架桥: the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically ---> 鸟数量增加

勉强分析下来, 大家看看同意否. 不过真到了考场, 我肯定还是选D

呵呵...昨天没有把这个题目说清楚啊...

文章的推理结构是: 1. 伦敦对本地工业空气污染管理, 2. 看到的鸟上升

结论: 其他大城市也应该对本地工业管理

问那个不是assumption

B, Air-pollution regulations对空气有影响, 就是说,Air-pollution regulations是有效的, 如果无效, 那么无法推理, 所以是assumption

C, 其他大城市的问题和伦敦相似, 如果不相似, 就不能在其他大城市推广, 所以是assumption 

D, 城市鸟多是好的, 如果鸟多了反而会造成很多不利因素, 如果大家都不喜欢鸟多, 那么就不应该推广, 所以是assumption

E, 看到的鸟多就是说明鸟多, 如果不是, 鸟其实并未增加, 说明措施无效, 不应该推广, 所以是assumption

A, air-pollution problems基本都是本地工业造成的, 关键词看almost entirely, 说法太绝对, 如果说, 本地工业可以造成air-pollution problems

就是一个assumption了, 但是由于限定的过于绝对, 所以不是一个assumption, 具体看我4楼的解释