- UID
- 658700
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2011-8-6
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
文章来源：http://uncharted.org/frownland/books/Polanyi/POLANYI%20KARL%20-%20The%20Great%20Transformation%20-%20v.1.0.html
这本书的第一章，我根据jj描述只截取了前四段。求好心人确认。您要是嫌不够我再去截几段~~~
Nineteenth century civilization rested on four institutions. The first was the balance-of-power system which for a century prevented the occurrence of any long and devastating war between the Great Powers. The second was the international gold standard which symbolized a unique organization of world economy. The third was the self-regulating market which produced an unheard-of material welfare. The fourth was the liberal state. Classified in one way, two of these institutions were economic, two political. Classified in another way, two of them were national, two international. Between them they determined the characteristic outlines of the history of our civilization.
Of these institutions the gold standard proved crucial; its fall was the proximate cause of the catastrophe. By the time it failed most of the other institutions had been sacrificed in a vain effort to save it.
But the fount and matrix of the system was the self-regulating market. It was this innovation which gave rise to a specific civilization. The gold standard was merely an attempt to extend the domestic market system to the international field; the balance-of-power system was a superstructure erected upon and, partly, worked through the gold standard; the liberal state was itself a creation of the self-regulating market. The key to the institutional system of the nineteenth century lay in the laws governing market economy.
Our thesis is that the idea of a self-adjusting market implied a stark utopia. Such an institution could not exist for any length of time without annihilating the human and natural substance of society; it would have physically destroyed man and transformed his surroundings into a wilderness. Inevitably, society took measures to protect itself, but whatever measures it took impaired the self-regulation of the market, disorganized industrial life, and thus endangered society in yet another way. It was this dilemma which forced the development of the market system into a definite groove and finally disrupted the social organization based upon it.
再附个其他的，这个已经挺全了。看看这几个再多了解点吧。
穷国富国投资
V1
第一段一上来给了一个现象，但是我给忘了。。。
第二段是说很多研究表明，很多发展中国家，如果foreign investment is larger than domestic investment，这个国家的经济发展会比那些 foreign investment is smallerr than domestic investment的国家慢。
第三段解释说为什么，因为发展中国家的人虽然得到了外国投资，但是因为不发达，人民适应债务，或者是还清债务的能力不强。所以给再多投资也不能吸收。如果发展中国家发达了，外国投资就会有帮助了。
V2
investment flow between richer countries and poorer countries. 说传统观点认为是从富国向穷国流动的，但是其实是uphill的，因为穷国的savings比较多，所以直接或间接的被用于了海外投资。而且穷国的financial system都不完善，所以无法有效的absorb the foreign investment. 因此随着financial system 的健全，穷国经济增长速度也会加快。这篇记得也挺长的。
V3
1. 穷国富国financial system的. (3段, 结构很清晰, 话也不多)
I 主旨貌似是, theory说 穷国应该怎么怎么, 但是实际情况不是的,
II 具体情况是怎么怎么的
III 说了造成这样的原因, 归跟芥蒂是他们没有个好的金融体系
V4（39）
4.第四篇阅读是说不同经济实体中investment的流向的.
开头说了,根据经济学理论,资本应该从发达国家流向发展中国家.因为发展中国家没有足够的capital,所以他们会为capital提供更高的回报.但根据事实的观察,事情并不是这样的.贫穷国家的钱都流到发达国家去了.然后讲述了人民的储蓄和投资之间啥啥啥...忘了
第二段说,又有观察发现,那些吸引外资投资的金额比本国投向外国的金额多的国家,发展得比较的慢.貌似也是和什么什么理论相悖的.好像他意思是说应该依赖本国自己内部的投资.
第三段就解释说(中间有一段记忆空白)那些原本很穷,但是发展很快,但是金融体系又不发达的国家,当人们有了钱时,就不倾向于通过本国的金融体系借给本国的公司用来发展,而是直接或者间接的投资于国外.blabla...这个问题会因为金融体系的逐渐健全而被解决的.
题目1是主旨题,问这文章讲了啥,我选的是对于一些和理论相悖的现象进行的分析.
题目2不太记得,反正跟文章最后一句金融体系什么的相关.
题目3完全不记得...
V5（700）
比较简单。但是比较关系要搞清楚，有两道题考比较。
有一题是，如果是richer country的居民，更有可能碰到哪些情况。
选项大致有，存更多钱；会投资更多到别的国家；都是错的选项，不好意思，正确的记不起来了。
|
|
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2011-12-16 15:32:40
收藏
收藏
。。。 必须要顶起来哈。。。求 确认哈
楼主