If a code word is defined to be a sequence of different letters chosen from the 10 letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J, what is the ratio of the number of 5-letter code words to the number of 4-letter code words?
Easy. For every four-letter word you choose, you can add one extra letter (chosen from the 6 letters left) to make a new five-letter word. Then the ratio has to be 6 to 1 favoring the latter.