117. Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, studies show that (of scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty, a disproportionately large number entered their fi eld at an older age than is usual. )Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their fi eld for at least fi fteen years, the studies’ fi nding strongly suggests that the real reason why (scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have aged but rather that scientists over forty have generally spent too long in their field.) In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? (A) The fi rst is a claim, the accuracy of which is at issue in the argument; the second is a conclusion drawn on the basis of that claim. (B) The fi rst is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the argument; the second is that position. (C) The fi rst is evidence that has been used to support an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is that explanation. (D) The fi rst is evidence that has been used to support an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a competing explanation that the argument favors. (E) The fi rst provides evidence to support an explanation that the argument favors; the second is that explanation
括号内的boldface是说40岁后取得creative work 的科学家进入科学领域比其他科学家晚，后面又说40岁后很难取得成就的科学家是因为他们在他们原有的领域花费了太长时间，对吗？ 我想不明白的是到底40岁后容不容易获奖啊？
Firstly, answer your question: it is uncommon for scientists to do some creative works after 40 as the statement right at the beginning of the argument----Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty.
The construction of this argument with a little confusion is that evidence(your first brakets) proving the assumption(your second brakets) is provided before that assumption.
Some explaining:
The assumption: if scientists work too long, they will lose their creativity
The evidence: In the scientists who still maintain their creativity after 40, most of them have been working in their fields for less time than usual.
In fact you can find they are converse-negative proposition mutually.
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发表于 2012-3-16 09:58:42
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