117.In an attempt to reduce the crime rateIn an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher. Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to collegelevel courses. However, this action is clearly counter to the governor’s ultimate goal, since after being released form prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? A. Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed. C. The group of inmates who chose to take collegelevel courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released. Arguement: Receiving ** is likely to deter crimes
本题正确选项是C -- The group of inmates who chose to take collegelevel courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released. 取非： People receiving ** were already less likely than people not receiving ** 所以否定了Arguement: Receiving ** is likely to deter crimes 因为如果罪犯原本就向善而去receive **, 那么Arguement就不成立了。但很多人错选A 我发现那些认为A是对的人其实在一开始就在推理上出了差错。 A选项正确推论过程： Not receiving ** is unlikely to deter crimes X = B ∪ C 取非 Not receiving ** isn't unlikely to deter = Not receiving ** is likely to deter CX (B ∪ C) = CXB ∩ CXC = (A∪C) ∩(B∪C) = C * C ∈X 数学推理：People not receiving ** = X A= ↓crimes B= ↑crimes C= ↓↑crimes X = B ∪ C Cx (B ∪ C) = A * A ∈X
↓crimes
↑crimes
↓↑crimes
A
B
C
A选项错误推论过程： Not receiving ** is unlikely to deter crimes = Receiving ** is likely to deter crimes（多数人错在这一步）Y = A 取非： Receiving ** is unlikely to deter crimes （上一步推错，结果也必错）Cy A = B ∪ C Y = People receiving ** Y = A Cy A = B ∪ C * B,C∈ Y
↓crimes
↑crimes
↓↑crimes
A
B
C
总结： Cy A = B ∪ C <> Cx (B ∪ C) = C 即Not receiving ** is likely to deter <> Receiving ** is unlikely to deter 相当于，甲可能做成的事情不等于乙不可能做成
No. You cannot negate TWO words/phrases in the same sentence.
-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2012/5/31 2:11:37)
I think you are right, so what DUKB24 said '把A选项取非说参加的人就会比较少重犯' seems incorrect...
-- by 会员 shirryzhan (2012/6/2 21:33:29)
yeap，当我重新看回这题的时候我发现我的留言给LZ造成了误解，感到抱歉。 想了想，其实A选项是加强。特贴上RON的解释： theargument depends upon the assumption that eliminating college-level courseswill have an effect on inmates' rates of recidivism ("counter to thegovernor's ultimate goal"). in other words, the argument is assuming thatthe college-level courses CAUSE differences in the inmates' behavior. if you're going to argue that X causes Y, one necessary precondition (assumption) is that Y DOESN'Tcause X. this is precisely what is asserted in(c), which should be the correct answer. not only is (a) in incorrect assumption, but (a) actually runs EXACTLY COUNTER to the argument. if the presence/absence of college courses will NOTDETER crime, then that is essentially saying that it has no effect. (这里是对being able部分取非，lawyer是对not likely部分取非，取非只能去掉一个否定词，不能去掉两个) therefore, since there's no effect, this actionwill NOT be "counter to the governor's ultimategoal". hence (a) is not only a wrong assumption;it actually undermines the argument!
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发表于 2012-5-27 10:14:14
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