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 对于prep07阅读笔记的一点疑问
Essay 4Solar ponds are bodies of waterin which circulation is incomplete and there is a very high salt concentrationthat increases with depth. This verticalchange in salinity serves to trap heat because concentrated brine in the lowestwater level acts as a collector and storage area for solar heat, while the lesssaline, lighter water at the upper levels provides insulation. Heat is thus retained in the depths.
An artificial pond of this typehas been constructed on the western shore of the Dead Sea in Israel in order totest its suitability as a source of low-grade heat for conversion intoelectricity. An immediate threat to thesuccess of the venture was the growth of algae. Water in solar ponds must be kept maximally transparent to allowpenetration of light to the deep storage area. Therefore, any particles of matter in the water, such as algae cells,that scatter or absorb light will interfere with the collection of heat.
One proposed method ofcontrolling the algae was the application of an algicide. However, the Dead Sea is a closed body ofwater without any outlet and as such is very easily contaminated. Extensive use of chemicals in numerous futurefull-scale solar ponds would lead to such contamination of the Dead Sea, whichnow enjoys a lucrative tourist trade.
A recent experiment hassupplied a more promising method for controlling the algae. To repress the algae cells' capacity foraccommodating themselves to environmental changes, the water in the solar pondwas first made more saline through evaporation and then diluted by a rapidinflow of fresh water. This shockreduced the cells' ability to regulate the movement of water through theirmembranes. They rapidly absorbed water,resulting in distortions of shape, increase in volume, and impairment tomotility. Theirbuoyancyadversely affected, the cells sank to the bottom of the pond, where theyencountered the hot waters of the storage layer and were destroyed. This method allows for effective control ofnuisance algae while leaving solar ponds as one of the cleanest technologiesproviding energy for human use.
Question 15：Which of the following, if true, wouldseriously undermine the validity of the conclusions drawn from the experimentdescribed in the last paragraph of the passage?
(A) The algaecells that sank to the bottom of the pond were destroyed only after a time lagof twenty-four hours.
(B) Thelateral motility（横向移动能力是否受到影响无关不相关） of the algae cells that sank to the bottom of the pond was notimpaired.
(C) The waterwith which the artificial solar pond was diluted contained microorganisms thatkill algae.
(D) The algae cells that sank to the bottom of thepond were actually killed by the rapid change in pressure.
(E) The higher salinity brought about throughevaporation increased the transparency of the upper levels of water in thepond.
题目释义：
细节题目
考点：
逻辑结构（Logicalstructure）
旨在考察我们对文章结构的认知，以及对作者行文目的的判断。
我们首先要找到最后一段那个实验作者的结论是什么，是“Thismethod allows for effective control of nuisance algae while leaving solar pondsas one of the cleanest technologies providing energy for human use”这个论点可供攻击的点是“清洁”和“有效”。注意题目问的是削弱。
选项分析：
(A) 沉入底部的藻类细胞只有经过24小时后才能被破坏。从“有效”方面攻击。但是24小时这个时间并不影响这个方法的有效性。
(B) 沉入底部的藻类细胞的横向移动能力没有被损坏。从“有效”方面攻击。但是横向移动能力不影响细胞下沉，同时也不影响它被破坏。
(C) Correct. 稀释人工太阳能池的水中含有杀死水藻的微生物。两方面攻击，“清洁”方面有微生物不知道是否能保持死海的清洁。“有效”方面我们无从得知究竟是作者说的原因还是这些微生物杀死了藻类细胞。
(D) 沉入底部的藻类细胞其实是被骤变的压力所杀死的。这个选项较易误选。注意这个选项并不能严重的削弱作者的结论。作者的结论是有效的杀死和清洁。该选项不反驳其中任何一点，只是作者说的消灭机理有问题。
(E) 更高的盐度带来通过蒸发引起的上层水的透明度上升。该选项和作者的结论无关。
以上是原文以及文中的15题即解释，我认为其中说攻击点之一的清洁有所不妥，原文结论中说whileleaving solar ponds as one of the cleanest technologies，我个人认为应理解为简单的最清洁的能源，这个cleanest与阅读笔记中的池子要干净是不同意义的。所以选c只是因为provide an alternative,而d不对是因为change pressure 就是作者的意思，学过生物的都懂。个人理解，open to discussion。 |
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发表于 2011-11-11 16:30:48
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