费费逻辑宝典--77题的假设与加强

本来是会做题的，但看了费费宝典后我直接整懵了，有些假设题的答案中有加强或削弱的选项，我不清楚假设和加强怎么区分了，哪位好心人能解答一下啊……

77. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?

A.        Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.

B.        Commercial pilot routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.

C.        The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.

D.       Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.

E.        Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

参考答案：D

思路：xxx的program 不能补充pilots’ lack of actual flying time.结论：thererfore, rethink approach to prevent commercial plane crash. 中间有思维跳跃，actual flying time 与plane crash 什么关系？

A.        削弱，program can eliminate…, so do not need rethink approach

B.         无关。题中是prevent planes crashes的training.

C.         加强。

D.        将actual flying time 与(pilot error in) plane crashes 联系起来。对assumption取非：actual flying time is not an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes. 削弱结论。符合ETS假设定义。

E.         加强。

对C取非，也会削弱结论啊……

C选项说的不够边缘，整个飞机事故没有特别的必要减少， 只要由飞行员失误导致的事故减少就行， 也就是说， 当飞行员失误型事故减少的

同时，其他事故相对增加是有可能的， 而这样也符合原题观点