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我开始以为我的阅读4篇都是寂静,实际上刚刚又看了下寂静,我的第1篇没有 我的第1篇和GWD上有一篇长的很像,所以我误以为是寂静了 这篇文章写得是关于恐龙是否是恒温动物,第1段说某个人提出一个理论,说是恐龙是恒温动物,然后拿出了一个证据,说是只有恒温动物的骨头才长成这个结构. 接下来第2段,另一个人跳出来反对第1个人,说这个证据是错的,实际上这个骨头的结构和恒温还是冷血动物没有关系,是和这个动物的activity是有关系的，当这个动物越活泼的时候骨头就倾向于长成那种结构。 大概就记得这么多了，没考好，被打击得够呛，另外我把GWD那篇贴上来，大家可以参考，实际文章只有半屏，没有这么长 Scientists studying the physiology 研究恐龙生理学的科学家长久以 of dinosaurs have long debated whether 来都在争论恐龙是热血还是冷血 dinosaurs were warm- or cold-blooded. Line Those who suspect they were warm- 猜想是热血的人指出，恐龙骨头 (5) blooded point out that dinosaur bone 通常是fibro片状质地，因为该质 is generally fibro-lamellar in nature; 地形成迅速，骨原纤维，或细丝 because fibro-lamellar bone is formed 会随意排列。 quickly, the bone fibrils, or filaments, are laid down haphazardly. Consistent with 与快速生长率一致，热血动物， (10) their rapid growth rate, warm-blooded 如鸟和哺乳动物，倾向生长fibro animals, such as birds and mammals, 片状的骨。 tend to produce fibro-lamellar bone, whereas reptiles, which are slow growing 而爬虫生长缓慢，是冷血的， and cold-blooded, generally 通常长出纤维排列互相平行的 (15) produce bone in which fibrils are laid 骨头。 down parallel to each other. Moreover, 而且，像鸟和哺乳动物的骨一样 like the bone of birds and mammals, 恐龙骨倾向高度血管化，即被血 dinosaur bone tends to be highly 管填充。 vascularized, or filled with blood (20) vessels. These characteristics, 这些特征在1930’s被首次承认 first recognized in the 1930’s, 在1960’s被R记载，R在数群 were documented in the 1960’s by 恐龙中发现高度血管化的fibro de Ricqlès, who found highly vascularized, 片状骨。 fibro-lamellar bone in several (25) groups of dinosaurs. In the 1970’s, 在1970’s，B称这些特征为恐 Bakker cited these characteristics as 龙热血的证据。 evidence for the warm-bloodedness of dinosaurs. Although de Ricqlès urged 虽然R力劝谨慎，支持一种 caution, arguing for an intermediate type 中间类型的恐龙生理学，一个 (30) of dinosaur physiology, a generation of 时代的古生物学家开始相信恐 paleontologists has come to believe 龙骨是像哺乳动物的。 that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike. In the 1980’s, however, Bakker’s 然而当不少科学家在不同恐 contention began to be questioned, as a 龙的骨上发现与现代爬虫很 (35) number of scientists found growth rings 像的年轮时，B的论点开始 in the bones of various dinosaurs that 被质疑。 are much like those in modern reptiles. Bone growth in reptiles is periodic in 爬虫骨头生长是周期性的， nature, producing a series of concentric 会在骨中产生一系列同心环， (40) rings in the bone, not unlike the growth 和树的年轮不无二致。 rings of a tree. Recently, Chinsamy 近来，C研究了两只来自早期 investigated the bones of two dinosaurs 侏罗纪的恐龙骨，发现它们 from the early Jurassic period 既有年轮又部分呈fibro片 (208-187 million years ago), and found 状质地。 (45) that these bones also had growth rings; however, they were also partially fibrolamellar in nature. Chinsamy’s work C的工作提出了关于恐龙生理 raises a question central to the debate 讨论最中枢的问题：恐龙形成 over dinosaur physiology: did dino- fibro片状骨是因为天生与热血 (50) saurs form fibro-lamellar bone because 关联的快速的生陈代谢率，还 of an innately high metabolic rate associated 是因为在有利环境条件下出现 with warm-bloodedness or 的异常快速生长时期？ because of periods of unusually fast growth that occurred under favorable (55) environmental conditions? (Although (虽然现代爬虫通常不会形成 modern reptiles generally do not form fibro片状骨，在最佳环境下 fibro-lamellar bone, juvenile crocodiles 成长的幼鳄会长出那样的骨) raised under optimal environmental conditions do.) This question remains 这个问题无法解答；确实， (60) unanswered; indeed, taking all the evidence 纵观所有证据，不能在恐龙骨 into account, one cannot make 的基础上对恐龙生理作出定 a definitive statement about dinosaur 论。 physiology on the basis of dinosaur bone. It may be that dinosaurs had an 恐龙或许有一种介乎中间的 (65) intermediate pattern of bone structure 骨架类型，因为它们的生理 because their physiology was neither 不是典型爬虫、哺乳或鸟类 typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian. 老新观点 Long debate whether dinosaur was warm-or cold blooded? Scientists(warm-blooded) pointed out… moreover… these characteristic first recognized… cited as evidence… However, B’s contention began to be questioned…Recently, C investigated, however… C’s work raises a question central to the debate:….. This question remains unanswered…… -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-9-Q33: The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged
by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès作者同意caution是未被证明的.....不晓得在说什么
不是作者的态度
文章推不出来 B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy无 Answer:是问态度，作者对DE RICQLES的CAUTION的态度，阅读首要的是看清问题。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-9-Q34: The primary purpose of the passage is to A. discuss the influence
on other scientists of Bakker’s argument concerning the warm-bloodedness of dinosaurs B. provide evidence that supports the claim that dinosaurs were cold-blooded无 C. challenge the contention that dinosaur bone tissue is innately fibro-lamellar文章不是要说这个,而是说warm-blooded和cold-blooded D. evaluate the claim that dinosaur bone tissue provides evidence for the warmbloodedness
of dinosaurs E. resolve the disagreement between de Ricqlès and Bakker over the nature of dinosaur physiology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-9-Q35: According to the passage, the discovery of growth rings in the bones of certain dinosaurs
served to undermine which of the following claims? A. That modern reptiles are related to dinosaurs支持这个理论 B. That bone growth in dinosaurs was periodic in nature无关 C. That dinosaurs were warm-blooded however, Bakker’s
contention began to be questioned, as
number of scientists found growth rings
in the bones of various dinosaurs that
are much like those in modern reptiles. D. That dinosaurs had an intermediate type of physiology支持 E. That fibro-lamellar bone is the product of a rapid growth rate无关 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-9-Q36: The author of the passage mentions bone growth patterns in juvenile crocodiles most
likely in order to A. provide support for the argument that reptiles are not related to dinosaurs B. undermine the claim that most reptiles are slow-growing C. offer an explanation as to why juvenile crocodiles differ from most modern
reptiles D. suggest the juvenile crocodiles have a type of physiology intermediate between
that of mammals and that of reptiles偏 E. suggest that the presence of fibro-lamellar bone does not resolve the debate over
dinosaur physiology 注意前后观点raise a question, remains unanswered | 
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发表于 2009-9-16 14:31:00
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