GWD 7-2&3

Q2:

Guidebook writer:  I have visited hotels throughout the country and have noticed that in those built before 1930 the quality of the original carpentry work is generally superior to that in hotels built afterward.  Clearly carpenters working on hotels before 1930 typically worked with more skill, care, and effort than carpenters who have worked on hotels built subsequently.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the guidebook writer’s argument?

1. The quality of original carpentry in hotels is generally far superior to the quality of original carpentry in other structures, such as houses and stores.
2. Hotels built since 1930 can generally accommodate more guests than those built before 1930.
3. The materials available to carpenters working before 1930 were not significantly different in quality from the materials available to carpenters working after 1930.
4. The better the quality of original carpentry in a building, the less likely that building is to fall into disuse and be demolished.
5. The average length of apprenticeship for carpenters has declined significantly since 1930.

答案给的是D, 想不明白。文中没有提到“disuse" 或者“demolished"啊， 求救！

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

1. The number of television assemblers in Vernland has increased by at least as much as the number of television assemblers in Borodia has decreased.
2. Televisions assembled in Vernland have features that televisions assembled in Borodia do not have.
3. The average number of hours it takes a Borodian television assembler to assemble a television has not decreased significantly during the past three years.
4. The number of televisions assembled annually in Vernland has increased significantly during the past three years.
5. The difference between the hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland and the hourly wage of television assemblers in Borodia is likely to decrease in the next few years.

答案是C。也不明白，请指教！谢谢！！

1.原文大意：

    因为——1930前的木匠比1930后的好

    所以——1930前的木器比1930后的好

实际上，该逻辑就是“木匠好，所以木器好”

要削弱结论，就要否定“木器好的原因是木匠好”，也就要找到其他导致木器好的原因。

D的意思是：质量越好的木器，越不会遭到弃用和毁坏。也就是说，质量越好的木器，越可以保存得好。反过来，保存的好是木器好的原因。

如果考试时想不通的话，直接用排除法也可以。

2.

原文大意：

因为——V的平均工资比B的低很多（表示V劳动力成本大大低于B，直接结果是，V组装的电视比B组装的要便宜）；

        从3年前开始，B降低了电视的进口关税（表示从V进口电视成本更低了，V的电视比B组装的更便宜）；

        B本国电视销量不变（表示B国的电视需求不变，市场保持稳定）

        B的组装员数量减少（意味着B国自己组装的电视产量降低）

所以——B需要从V国进口更多电视

让我们理一下思路：4个前提中，前2个明确指示了“从V进口成本大大低于B自己组装”（意味着，B国电视生产企业更喜欢进口），同时，前提3告诉我们“B的销量稳定”（B的市场是“本国组装的电视”+“从V进口的电视”），第4个前提则说明，“B的电视生产商裁员，以再次降低成本”。结论是，要想在减少“本国组装电视”数量的基础上，满足B的市场需求，就要增加“从V进口的电视”数量。

由此可见，这道题就可以简化为一个公式：B国市场需求=“本国组装的电视”+“从V进口的电视”。在B国市场需求不变的情况下，“本国组装的电视”和“从V进口的电视”两个变量成反比。也就是说，结论要我们增加“从V进口的电视”，我们就必须减少“本国组装的电视”。

怎么才能减少“本国组装的电视”？前提4中已经指出“B的组装员数量减少”。我们知道：总生产量=总人数*生产效率。在这个公式中，只有总人数的降低，并不能必然使总生产量降低，因为，如果生产效率提高的话，总生产量可能会不变甚至上升。因而，要想使总生产量降低，生产效率要保持不变或降低。这也就是答案所在。

答案C的意思是：一台电视所需的组装时间并未大大降低。也就是效率没有明显提高。

不知道讲明白没有？这道题真的很有些匪夷所思，要是考试时遇到这种题，那就是命，猜吧。