请教JJ RC28的一题

In a new book about the antiparty feeling of the early political leaders of the United States, Ralph Ketcham argues that the first six Presidents differed decisively from later Presidents because the first six held values inherited继承的 from the classical humanist人道主义 tradition of eighteenth-century England.

In this view, government was designed not to satisfy the private desires of the people but to make them better citizens; this tradition stressed the disinterested公平的 devotion of political leaders to the public good.  Justice, wisdom, and courage were more important qualities in a leader than the ability to organize voters and win elections. Indeed, leaders were supposed to be called to office rather than to run for office.  And if they took up the burdens of public office with a sense of duty, leaders also believed that such offices were naturally their due because of their social preeminence卓越 or their contributions to the country. Given this classical conception of leadership, it is not surprising that the first six Presidents condemned责备 political parties.  Parties were partial偏袒 by definition, self-interested, and therefore serving something other than the transcendent 卓越的public good.

Even during the first presidency (Washington's), however, the classical conception of virtuous有道德的 leadership was being undermined by commercial forces that had been gathering since at least the beginning of the eighteenth century.  Commerce—its profit-making, its self-interestedness, its individualism--became the enemy of these classical ideals.  Although Ketcham does not picture the struggle in quite this way, he does rightly see Jackson's tenure任期 (the seventh presidency) as the culmination顶点 of the acceptance of party, commerce, and individualism. 第二题 For the Jacksonians,
nonpartisanship lost its relevance, and under the direction of Van Buren, party
gained a new legitimacy.  The classical ideals of the first six Presidents became identified with a privileged aristocracy贵族, an aristocracy that had to be overcome in order to allow competition between opposing political interests.  Ketcham is so strongly committed to justifying证明 the classical ideals, however, that he underestimates the advantages of their decline.  For example, the classical conception of leadership was incompatible矛盾 with our modern notion概念 of the freedoms of speech and press, freedoms intimately亲密的 associated with the legitimacy of opposing反对 political parties. 第三题

Which of the following, if true, provides the LEAST support for the author's argument
about commerce and political parties during Jackson's presidency?

(A)Many supporters of Jackson
resisted 抵抗the commercialization that could result from participation in a
national economy.

(B)Protest against the corrupt腐化 and partisan强硬支持者 nature of political parties in the United States subsided平息 during Jackson's presidency.

(C)During Jackson's presidency the use of money became more common than bartering物物交换 of goods and services.

(D)More northerners than southerners supported Jackson because southerners were opposed to the development of a commercial economy.

(E)Andrew Jackson did not feel as strongly committed to the classical ideals of
leadership as George Washington had felt.

如何定位找出答案是A呢