天山－4－38
In one state, all cities and most towns have antismoking ordinances. A petition entitled “Petition for Statewide Smoking Restriction” is being circulated to voters by campaign workers who ask only, “Do you want to sign a petition for statewide smoking restriction?” The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public.
Which of the following circumstances would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide?
A. Health costs associated with smoking cause health insurance premiums to rise for everyone and so affect nonsmokers.
B. In rural areas of the state, there are relatively few retail establishments and government offices that are open to the public.
C. The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain stronger bans than the state law does.
D. There is considerable sentiment among voters in most areas of the state for restriction of smoking.
E. The state law would not affect existing local ordinances banning smoking in places where the fire authorities have determined that smoking would constitute a fire hazard.
主要争议在答案B还是C之间。若想了解过去NN们的更多的讨论，请参见下面的连接！
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=24&replyid=84938&id=84938&page=2&skin=0&Star=1
支持选项C的代表人物：大名鼎鼎的 mindfree；无名小卒 howardwang 等等
支持选项B的代表人物：鼎鼎大名的lawyer_1 隐携 等等
下面我从自己的理解出发，探讨为什么C正确，然后指出为什么B不正确。欢迎批评指正！
C正确的理由：
（1）谁被误导？
所谓误导，如果把申请书签名理解为是投票的话，就是 voters 本来想投赞成票的，却因误导而投了反对票，或者相反。特别提醒：voters用限定性定语从句who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide修饰，也就是who引导的从句中的voters被误导。这是本题的解题的关键，类似于推理结论中的具体性和特殊性。
（2）为什么会被误导？
其一：voters are asked only,“Do you want to sign a petition for statewide smoking restriction?”。因为问法并没有具体说明smoking restriction是什么，只是使用了一个笼统的感念smoking restriction。这是造成误导的主要原因。
其二，被误导的voters 必然不知道smoking restriction的具体内容（ The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public. ）是什么。因为如果知道了，在本题范围内就不会被误导。
（3）怎样才会被误导？
因为是将这个申请理解为是将当地的禁烟法令推广到全州的voters（voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide）的误导，所以，要误导voters，则必须使The petition advocates 的州法规（a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public. ）与 voters所在当地的原来的相关法规有所不同。只有这样，voters才会被误解。
（4）为什么答案C正确？
C. The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain stronger bans than the state law does.
阴影部分刚好说明了州法律和地方法律的不同。试想，如果voters（who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide），而实际的州法只是The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public. 因为实际的州法与地方法（voters认为的州法）是有程度差别的（local antismoking ordinances contain stronger bans than the state law does）。无论是烟民还是非烟民，都可能被误导。
B 为什么不对呢？
（1）从题干In one state, all cities and most towns have antismoking ordinances.可以看出，In rural areas of the state 可能没有local ordinances（虽然不必然）。在此环境下，也就无所谓使voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide误解。
（2）选B的另一个理由是，“Do you want to sign a petition for statewide smoking restriction?”让人误解为是在全州范围内禁烟限制，似乎是说，全州禁烟。如果这样（且不考虑voters有who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide的限制，因为，选B时，似乎不关注who引导的从句的限制），所有的人都可能被误导。无所谓乡下人还是城里人了。
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-8-15 13:58:57编辑过] | 
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2005-8-15 13:44:00
楼主
