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The Earth’s rivers constantly carry dissolved salts into its oceans. Clearly, therefore, by taking the resulting increase in salt levels in the oceans over the past hundred years and then determining how many centuries of such increases it would have taken the oceans to reach current salt levels from a hypothetical initial salt-free state, the maximum age of the Earth’s oceans can be accurately estimated.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
- The quantities of dissolved salts deposited by rivers in the Earth’s oceans have not been unusually large during the past hundred years.
- At any given time, all the Earth’s rivers have about the same salt levels.
- There are salts that leach into the Earth’s oceans directly from the ocean floor.
- There is no method superior to that based on salt levels for estimating the maximum age of the Earth’s oceans.
- None of the salts carried into the Earth’s oceans by rivers are used up by biological activity in the oceans.
Frobisher, a sixteenth-century English explorer, had soil samples from Canada’s Kodlunarn
Island examined for gold content. Because high gold content was reported, Elizabeth I funded two mining expeditions. Neither expedition found any gold there. Modern analysis of the island’s soil indicates a very low gold content. Thus the methods used to determine the gold content of Frobisher’s samples must have been inaccurate.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? E
- The gold content of the soil on Kodlunarn
Island is much lower today than it was in the sixteenth century. - The two mining expeditions funded by Elizabeth I did not mine the same part of Kodlunarn
Island. - The methods used to assess gold content of the soil samples provided by Frobisher were different from those generally used in the sixteenth century.
- Frobisher did not have soil samples from any other Canadian island examined for gold content.
- Gold was not added to the soil samples collected by Frobisher before the samples were examined.
In response to viral（滤过性病毒引起的）infection, the immune systems of mice typically produce antibodies that destroy the virus by binding to proteins on its surface. Mice infected with a herpesvirus generally develop keratitis, a degenerative disease affecting part of the eye. Since proteins on the surface of cells in this part of the eye closely resemble those on the herpesvirus surface, scientists hypothesize that these cases of keratitis are caused by antibodies to herpesvirus.
Which of the following, if true, gives the greatest additional support to the scientists’ hypothesis?D H----K protein K in E resemble in H,caused by H - Other types of virus have surface proteins that closely resemble proteins found in various organs of mice.
- There are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice contract herpes at roughly the same rate as other mice.
- Mice that are infected with a herpesvirus but do not develop keratitis produce as many antibodies as infected mice that do develop keratitis.
- There are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice survive these infections without ever developing keratitis.
- Mice that have never been infected with a herpesvirus can sometimes develop keratitis.
Community activist: If Morganville wants to keep its central shopping district healthy, it should prevent the opening of a huge SaveAll discount department store on the outskirts of Morganville. Records from other small towns show that whenever SaveAll has opened a store outside the central shopping district of a small town, within five years the town has experienced the bankruptcies of more than a quarter of the stores in the shopping district.
The answer to which of the following would be most useful for evaluating the community activist’s reasoning?
- Have community activists in other towns successfully campaigned against the opening of a SaveAll store on the outskirts of their towns?
- Do a large percentage of the residents of Morganville currently do almost all of their shopping at stores in Morganville?
- In towns with healthy central shopping districts, what proportion of the stores in those districts suffer bankruptcy during a typical five-year period?（关键在于破产率这个问题上）
- What proportion of the employees at the SaveAll store on the outskirts of Morganville will be drawn from Morganville?
- Do newly opened SaveAll stores ever lose money during their first five years of operation?
Magazine Publisher: Our magazine does not have a liberal（自由主义者的） bias. It is true that when a book review we had commissioned last year turned out to express distinctly conservative（保守的，守旧的） views, we did not publish it until we had also obtained a second review that took a strongly liberal position. Clearly, however, our actions demonstrate not a bias in favor of liberal views but rather a commitment to a balanced presentation of diverse opinions. Determining which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the cogency of the magazine publisher’s response?
- Whether any other magazines in which the book was reviewed carried more than one review of the book
- Whether the magazine publishes unsolicited book reviews as well as those that it has commissioned
- Whether in the event that a first review commissioned by the magazine takes a clearly liberal position the magazine would make any efforts to obtain further reviews
- Whether the book that was the subject of the two reviews was itself written from a clearly conservative or a clearly liberal point of view
- Whether most of the readers of the magazine regularly read the book reviews that the magazine publishes
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发表于 2007-9-27 10:30:00
