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之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新
RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
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【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
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1.CR
Archaeologists have long believed that the first humans to settle in the Americas arrived from Asia approximately 15,000 years ago. However, a recent genetic study of indigenous American populations suggests that their ancestors diverged from Siberian populations around 25,000 years ago. Which of the following, if true, would best reconcile the discrepancy between the archaeological and genetic evidence?
(A) The ancestors of Native Americans may have diverged genetically from Siberian populations long before migrating to the Americas.
(B) Archaeological evidence is more reliable than genetic evidence when determining the timing of past migration events.
(C) The Bering Land Bridge connecting Asia and North America was only passable during specific periods due to climatic conditions.
(D) Native American populations have experienced significant genetic drift since their initial settlement in the Americas.
(E) The rate of genetic mutation in humans has varied considerably over the past 30,000 years.
In City X, the total number of taxi passengers usually increases proportionally with the demand for taxis. However, it has been observed that during periods of peak demand, the total number of passengers is significantly lower than the maximum capacity of the taxi fleet. Which of the following, if true, best explains this discrepancy?
(A) Taxi drivers in City X prefer not to work during severe weather conditions when demand for taxis is highest.
(B) Many businesses in City X are closed during heavy snowstorms, reducing the overall demand for transportation.
(C) City residents who typically drive their own vehicles are more likely to use taxis during periods of heavy snowfall.
(D) The number of taxi drivers in City X has decreased in recent years, despite an increase in the total number of taxis.
(E) Taxi fares in City X are significantly higher during peak demand periods, discouraging some potential passengers.
答案:
AA
2.RC
Cadenzas sprang up in the early eighteenth century, when composers began indicating brief episodes where the performer should play freely, delaying a final cadence. They appeared not only in opera but also in instrumental pieces, especially in the closing sections of concerto movements. Musicians had been embellishing the score for centuries, and perhaps the cadenza was a way of bringing improvisation under control, corralling it. Mozart, as composer and pianist, brought the practice to its peak; one of his contemporaries stated that cadenzas should be dreamlike in their logic, expressing “ordered disorder,” and Mozart’s playing evidently had that quality. (He wrote out cadenzas for many of his concertos, so his performances may not always have been spontaneous.) Beethoven carried on the tradition—the darkly rumbling cadenza that he devised for Mozart’s D-minor Piano Concerto is a fascinating case of one composer meditating on another—but he also helped to kill it. In the first movement of the “Emperor” Concerto, the soloist is told not to make a cadenza but to play “the following”—a fully notated solo. Performers gradually stopped working out their own cadenzas, instead turning to a repertory of written-out versions. Opera singers retained more freedom, especially when it came to interpolating bravura high notes, but they, too, grew more cautious. Improvisation became the province of church organists and avant-gardists, the latter often taking inspiration from jazz.
Classical advocates of the practice believe that it is not only historically valid but intellectually enlivening. For a recent paper in NeuroImage, Aaron Berkowitz and Daniel Ansari studied what happens cognitively when someone improvises; they observed increased activity in two zones of the brain, one connected to decision-making and the other to language. Even if a soloist extemporizes for only a minute, the remainder of the performance may gain something intangible. Levin, the Harvard-based musician who for decades has been the chief guru of classical improvisation, believes that performances need to cultivate risk and surprise. Otherwise, he says, music becomes “gymnastics with the affectation of emotional content”—a phrase that sums up uncomfortably large tracts of modern music-making.
1. The passage implies that the emergence of cadenzas in the early eighteenth century was:
(A) a natural outgrowth of the long-standing practice of musicians embellishing the score
(B) an attempt by composers to showcase their own virtuosity as performers
(C) a response to the increasing complexity of operatic and instrumental music
(D) a means for composers to assert greater control over the improvisational skills of performers
(E) a reflection of the growing influence of jazz improvisation on classical music
2. Which of the following can be inferred about the relationship between Mozart's composed cadenzas and his performances?
(A) Mozart always performed his own written-out cadenzas.
(B) Mozart's performances were entirely spontaneous, and he never relied on composed cadenzas.
(C) Mozart's composed cadenzas were merely a starting point for his improvisations.
(D) Mozart's performances may not have always been improvisational, as he wrote out cadenzas for many of his concertos.
(E) Mozart's contemporaries disapproved of his use of composed cadenzas in his performances.
3. The author's description of Beethoven's cadenza for Mozart's D-minor Piano Concerto suggests that:
(A) Beethoven's cadenza was superior to any of Mozart's own cadenzas for that concerto.
(B) Beethoven's cadenza was an homage to Mozart's style of improvisation.
(C) Beethoven's cadenza represented a significant departure from Mozart's approach to cadenzas.
(D) Beethoven's cadenza was a creative interpretation of Mozart's musical ideas.
(E) Beethoven's cadenza was an attempt to overshadow Mozart's original composition.
4. The passage suggests that the decline of improvisation in classical music was:
(A) a direct result of Beethoven's influence on the cadenza tradition
(B) a gradual process that began with the introduction of written-out cadenzas
(C) a consequence of the increasing technical demands placed on performers
(D) a reflection of the changing tastes of audiences in the nineteenth century
(E) a result of the growing prominence of church organists and avant-garde composers
5. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the current state of improvisation in classical music?
(A) It is a thriving practice among most contemporary classical musicians.
(B) It is largely confined to church organists and avant-garde composers, with the latter often drawing inspiration from jazz.
(C) It is experiencing a resurgence due to the efforts of musicians like Levin, who advocate for its historical validity and intellectual benefits.
(D) It is viewed with suspicion by most classical musicians, who prefer the stability of written scores.
(E) It is a required skill for all classical musicians, particularly those who perform concertos and opera.
6. The findings of the study by Berkowitz and Ansari mentioned in the passage suggest that improvisation:
(A) engages the same cognitive processes as language production and decision-making
(B) is less cognitively demanding than performing from a written score
(C) has a negative impact on a musician's ability to perform composed music
(D) is unrelated to the cognitive processes involved in musical performance
(E) is more strongly associated with language processing than with decision-making
7. Based on Levin's perspective, it can be inferred that performances lacking in risk and surprise:
(A) are more technically precise than those that incorporate improvisation
(B) are emotionally sincere but lack technical proficiency
(C) prioritize technical display over genuine emotional expression
(D) are a necessary consequence of the decline of improvisation in classical music
(E) are more intellectually engaging for audiences than improvisational performances
8. The passage's discussion of the cognitive aspects of improvisation serves to:
(A) provide a scientific justification for the revival of improvisation in classical music
(B) highlight the potential risks associated with improvisation in musical performance
(C) explain why improvisation declined in popularity among classical musicians
(D) suggest that the benefits of improvisation extend beyond historical authenticity
(E) challenge the notion that written scores are essential for effective musical communication
1. (D)
2. (D)
3. (D)
4. (B)
5. (B)
6. (A)
7. (C)
8. (D)
3.DI
The Argentine wine industry has experienced significant growth and transformation over the past few decades, emerging as a major player in the global wine market. With a rich history dating back to the 16th century, Argentine wine production has undergone a renaissance in recent years, driven by a combination of favorable climatic conditions, technological advancements, and a renewed focus on quality and innovation.
Argentina's unique terroir, characterized by high-altitude vineyards, arid climate, and diverse soil types, has played a crucial role in shaping the country's wine identity. The high-altitude vineyards, particularly those in the Mendoza region, benefit from intense sunlight, cool nights, and low humidity, resulting in grapes with concentrated flavors, good acidity, and smooth tannins. These conditions are particularly well-suited for the cultivation of Malbec, a grape variety that has become synonymous with Argentine wine.
Malbec, originally from France, found its ideal home in Argentina's Mendoza region. The grape thrives in the country's high-altitude vineyards, producing wines with deep color, intense fruit flavors, and a velvety texture. Argentine Malbec has gained international acclaim, with critics praising its quality, versatility, and value. The success of Malbec has also paved the way for other grape varieties, such as Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Torrontés, to gain recognition and popularity among consumers.
In addition to its favorable growing conditions, Argentina's wine industry has benefited from significant investments in technology and infrastructure. Modern winemaking techniques, such as precision irrigation, canopy management, and temperature-controlled fermentation, have enabled producers to optimize grape quality and consistency. Moreover, the construction of state-of-the-art wineries and the adoption of sustainable viticultural practices have contributed to the industry's overall efficiency and competitiveness.
The Argentine government has also played a supportive role in the wine industry's growth, implementing policies and initiatives aimed at promoting exports, attracting foreign investment, and enhancing the country's wine tourism sector. The creation of the Wines of Argentina (WofA) organization in 1993 has been instrumental in raising the international profile of Argentine wines, through marketing campaigns, trade fairs, and educational programs.
Despite its impressive growth and success, the Argentine wine industry faces several challenges. Climate change, particularly the increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts and hailstorms, poses a threat to grape cultivation and wine production. Additionally, economic instability, inflation, and currency fluctuations have made it difficult for producers to plan for the long term and invest in new technologies and infrastructure.
To address these challenges, the Argentine wine industry has focused on diversification, both in terms of grape varieties and export markets. Producers are exploring new terroirs, such as the high-altitude valleys of Salta and the cool-climate regions of Patagonia, to create distinctive and high-quality wines. Moreover, the industry is actively seeking to expand its presence in emerging markets, such as Asia and Africa, while consolidating its position in traditional markets like the United States and Europe.
The Argentine wine industry's success story is a testament to the country's resilience, creativity, and passion for winemaking. As the industry continues to evolve and adapt to new challenges and opportunities, it is poised to solidify its position as a leading producer of high-quality, distinctive wines that captivate consumers around the world. The combination of unique terroir, skilled winemakers, and a commitment to innovation and sustainability bodes well for the future of Argentine wine, as it seeks to leave an indelible mark on the global wine landscape.
Questions:
1. According to the passage, which of the following factors has NOT contributed to the growth and transformation of the Argentine wine industry?
(A) Favorable climatic conditions
(B) Technological advancements
(C) Government subsidies for grape growers
(D) A focus on quality and innovation
2. The passage suggests that the high altitude of Argentine vineyards results in:
(A) Grapes with concentrated flavors and good acidity
(B) Wines with light color and delicate flavors
(C) Increased susceptibility to extreme weather events
(D) Difficulty in implementing modern winemaking techniques
3. Which of the following grape varieties is described as having found its ideal home in Argentina's Mendoza region?
(A) Bonarda
(B) Cabernet Sauvignon
(C) Malbec
(D) Torrontés
4. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the role of the Wines of Argentina (WofA) organization?
(A) Implementing policies to attract foreign investment
(B) Developing new grape varieties suited to Argentina's terroir
(C) Promoting Argentine wines internationally through various initiatives
(D) Providing financial support to struggling wine producers
5. The passage mentions all of the following as challenges faced by the Argentine wine industry EXCEPT:
(A) Climate change and extreme weather events
(B) Economic instability and currency fluctuations
(C) Declining global demand for Argentine wines
(D) Difficulty in long-term planning and investment
6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a strategy adopted by the Argentine wine industry to address its challenges?
(A) Exploring new terroirs in regions like Salta and Patagonia
(B) Focusing on a single grape variety to establish a strong brand identity
(C) Expanding its presence in emerging markets
(D) Consolidating its position in traditional markets
7. The author's attitude towards the future of the Argentine wine industry can best be described as:
(A) Cautiously optimistic
(B) Deeply pessimistic
(C) Indifferent
(D) Unequivocally confident
8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the relationship between Argentine Malbec and the country's wine identity?
(A) Malbec's success has overshadowed other grape varieties in Argentina.
(B) Malbec's popularity has hindered the growth of the Argentine wine industry.
(C) Malbec's success has helped raise the profile of Argentine wines internationally.
(D) Malbec is no longer considered a significant grape variety in Argentina.
9. The passage suggests that the adoption of sustainable viticultural practices in Argentina has:
(A) Led to a decrease in wine quality
(B) Contributed to the industry's efficiency and competitiveness
(C) Been hindered by the lack of government support
(D) Had no significant impact on the wine industry's growth
10. Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the passage?
(A) To compare Argentine wines with those from other major wine-producing countries
(B) To analyze the economic impact of the Argentine wine industry on the country's GDP
(C) To provide an overview of the factors contributing to the growth and success of the Argentine wine industry
(D) To argue for the superiority of Argentine Malbec over other grape varieties
1. (C)
2. (A)
3. (C)
4. (C)
5. (C)
6. (B)
7. (A)
8. (C)
9. (B)
10. (C)
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发表于 2024-7-31 09:35:17
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