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Enacted on March 11, 1941, the Lend-Lease Act authorised the United States president to provide Great Britain and its allies with weapons and military aid during World War II. In lobbying for the act, U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt compared the proposed law to lending one’s neighbor a hose to help put out a house fire, quoting: "I don't say... 'Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it.’ I don't want $15. I want my garden hose back after the fire is over."
Many isolationist opponents of the act saw it less as a neighbourly gesture and more as a commitment to ultimately join the war, noting that it tied American finances directly to Allied success against Germany. Most historians tend to agree, but view it positively and note that it was an important turning point in a war that at the time was heavily controlled by the Germans. The act, they explain, was the only way that the American wartime industry would have been prepared to supply its own military effort when the U.S. entered the war later that year.
While the Lend-Lease Act formally ended late in 1945, its legacy lived on in the postwar aftermath and beyond. The congressional fear of increased presidential power may have come to fruition; while Congress declined to authorize the Lend-Lease products as gifts, maintaining that Britain would indeed need to pay for them, the executive branch granted discounts as high as 90% to effectively render much of the material gifts. Even so, the final debt remained unpaid until 2006, when the British, after many deferrals, made their final payment to the American government.
1. According to the passage, which of the following would likely have occurred had the Lend-Lease Act not been passed?
A Germany would have maintained control of World War II well into 1942.
B The United States would have had no financial interest in Allied success in World War II.
C The United States would not have been willing to join the Allied effort in World War II.
D American industry would have been unprepared to support the American war effort.
E Congress would not have approved another act offering to donate military supplies directly to the British.
2. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A Criticize the isolationists who opposed the Lend-Lease Act
B Point out that the Lend-Lease Act was a positive aspect of Franklin Roosevelt’s legacy
C Discuss the cases made by both those who favored and those who opposed the Lend-Lease Act
D Provide an overview of the history of a significant piece of legislation
E Argue that the British took too long to repay their debts from World War II
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The British were among the nations that could claim victory in World War II.
B. The passage of the Lend-Lease Act was controversial.
C. The Lend-Lease Act served as a catalyst for American industry to produce military supplies.
D. Historians believe that the Allies could not have won the war without the Lend-Lease Act.
E. The British economy was shaken enough by World War II that it could not afford to repay its Lend-Lease Act debts.
参考答案： DDC
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发表于 2021-9-1 07:26:49
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