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1.Researchers studying the spread of the Black Plague in sixteenth-century England claim that certain people survived the epidemic because they carried a genetic mutation, known as Delta-32, that is known to prevent the bacteria that causes the Plague from overtaking the immune system. To support this hypothesis, the researchers tested the direct descendants of the residents of an English town where an unusually large proportion of people survived the Plague. More than half of these descendants tested positive for the mutation Delta-32, a figure nearly three times higher than that found in other locations. The researchers’ hypothesis is based on which of the following assumptions? A Delta-32 does not prevent a carrier from contracting any disease other than the Plague. B The Plague is not similar to other diseases caused by bacteria. C Delta-32 did not exist in its current form until the sixteenth century. D No one who tested positive for Delta-32 has ever contracted a disease caused by bacteria. E The Plague does not cause genetic mutations such as Delta-32.
2. The popular notion that a tree’s age can be determined by counting the number of internal rings in its trunk is generally true. However, to help regulate the internal temperature of the tree, the outermost layers of wood of the Brazilian ash often peel away when the temperature exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit, leaving the tree with fewer rings than it would otherwise have. So only if the temperature in the Brazilian ash’s environment never exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit will its rings be a reliable measure of the tree’s age. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends? A The growth of new rings in a tree is not a function of levels of precipitation. B Only the Brazilian ash loses rings because of excessive heat. C Only one day of temperatures above 95 degrees Fahrenheit is needed to cause the Brazilian ash to lose a ring. D The internal rings of all trees are of uniform thickness. E The number of rings that will be lost when the temperature exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit is not predictable.
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发表于 2021-6-6 08:30:20
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