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[阅读小分队] 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队 第173天 CO2减排

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发表于 2021-10-8 21:41:50 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
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Proposed CO2 reduction schemes present large uncertainties in terms of the perceived reduction needs and the potential costs of achieving those reductions. In one sense, preference for a carbon tax or tradeable permit system depends on how one views the uncertainty of costs involved and benefits to be received.

For those confident that achieving a specific level of CO2 reduction will yield very significant benefits then a tradeable permit program may be most appropriate. CO2 emissions would be reduced to a specific level, and in the case of a tradeable permit program, the cost involved would be handled efficiently, but not controlled at a specific cost level. This efficiency occurs because control efforts are concentrated at the lowest-cost emission sources through the trading of permits.

However, if one is more uncertain about the benefits of a specific level of reduction then a carbon tax may be most appropriate. In this approach, the level of the tax effectively caps the marginal control costs that affected activities would have to pay under the reduction scheme, but the precise level of CO2 achieved is less certain. Emitters of CO2 would spend money controlling CO2 emissions up to the level of the tax. However, since the marginal cost of control among millions of emitters is not well known, the overall effect of a given tax level on CO2 emission cannot be accurately forecasted.

1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning a carbon tax?
(A) if it were tiered according to the income of each emitter, then it could be more effective than tradeable permits.
(B) implementing it for all known emitters could be cost-prohibitive.
(C) the marginal cost of control associated with such a tax will likely be affected by other pending CO2 regulations.
(D) if it were introduced at too low a level, it may not result in any significant reduction in CO2 emissions.
(E) it is generally regarded as a better option than tradeable permits by most environmentalists.

2. According to the passage, who should support a tradeable permit program?
(A) a person who is unconcerned with the effects of a new carbon tax.
(B) one who believes that CO2 emissions have already been cut to acceptable levels.
(C) a person who is uncertain that cutting CO2 emissions by a certain percentage will produce the best results.
(D) one who is more concerned with cutting the CO2 emissions of the heaviest producers.
(E) a person who believes that cutting CO2 emissions by a certain percentage will produce the best results.

3. The author would most likely agree with which of the following?
(A) the tradeable permit program offers the best overall solution to rising CO2 emissions.
(B) it is difficult to predict the long term effects of either scheme given the currently available information.
(C) the carbon tax will force major emitters to significantly reduce their CO2 emissions using economic incentives.
(D) CO2 emissions represent the most significant contributor to the greenhouse effect.
(E) other schemes under review may provide better alternatives than the tradeable permit program or the carbon tax.


参考答案:DEB

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沙发
发表于 2021-10-8 23:00:31 | 只看该作者
DEC
板凳
发表于 2021-10-9 17:53:10 | 只看该作者
Mark一下!               
地板
发表于 2021-10-9 19:41:37 | 只看该作者
同意!               
5#
发表于 2021-10-9 20:14:47 | 只看该作者
同意!               
6#
发表于 2021-10-11 16:08:20 | 只看该作者
DEB
7#
发表于 2021-10-11 16:23:06 | 只看该作者
P1:二氧化碳减排计划在是否有必要和可能产生的成本上存在很大不确定性,人们对于碳税还是碳交易的青睐取决于他们对两者成本和收益的看法。

P2:对于相信减排有巨大收益的人来说,选择碳交易。二氧化碳将会减排到一定程度,而且成本也会有效控制,因为碳会集中到最有效控制的机构。

P3:对于不确定的人来说,选择碳税。税会确定最大的边际成本,但是二氧化碳减排多少不能确定。因为排放者整体的成本不能确定,所以碳税整体对减排的影响也不能确定。

DEB
8#
发表于 2021-10-12 17:11:47 | 只看该作者
减少CO2的两种方案:carbon tax和t-p system
支持t-p system的人和理由
支持carbon tax的人和理由
DEB
9#
发表于 2021-10-12 21:29:29 | 只看该作者
CO2 reduction有很大的不确定性
2种方式
tpp: CO2r eduction有好处
tax: reduction好处不确定,overall effect无法预测
BEB
10#
发表于 2021-10-14 07:34:39 | 只看该作者
1. CO2减排方案存在多种不确定性,主要有两种方案——tradeable program和carbon tax
2. 支持tradeable program的人是那些对CO2减到某一定量能带来的好处非常确定的人
3. 对比carbon tax的支持者是那些对benefits不太确定的,带来的效果比较难预测
DEB
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