求教：OG-4，谢谢。

og-4

The majority of successful senior managers do not

closely follow the classical rational model of first clari-

fying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options,

estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision,

(5) and only then taking action to implement the decision.

Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these

senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intu-

ition” to mangage a network of interrelated problems

that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency,

(10) novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the

process to thinking.

Generations of writers on management have recog-

nized that some practicing managers rely heavily on

intuition. In general, however, such writers display a

(15) poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the oppo-

site of rationality: others view it as an excuse for ca-

priciousness.

Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes

of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is

(20) neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition

in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense

when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intu-

ition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.

This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based

(25) on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experi-

ence that build skills. A third function of intuition is to

synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an inte-

grated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth,

some managers use intuition as a check on the results

(30) of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are

familiar with the formal decision analysis models and

tools, and those who use such systematic methods for

reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions

suggested by these methods which run counter to their

(35) sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers

can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move

rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this

way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive

process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

(40) One of the implications of the intuitive style of execu-

tive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from

acting. Since managers often “know” what is right

before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently

act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied

(45) to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers

develop thoughts about their companies and organiza-

tions not by analyzing a problematic situation and then

acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

Given the great uncertainty of many of the manage-

(50) ment issues that they face, senior managers often insti-

gate a course of action simply to learn more about an

issue. They then use the results of the action to develop

a more complete understanding of the issue. One impli-

cation of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often

(55) part of defining the problem, not just of implementing

the solution.

24. The passage provides support for which of the following statements?

(A) Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

(B) Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

(C) Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills

(D) Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.

(E) Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.

OG 阅读19

E是怎么排处的呢？

OG解释说是因为line29-30的as a check on the results of more rational analysis,他们是一个意思么？

我的理解：

E〉评估问题解决方案的可行性

我咋没看出来as a check on the results of more rational analysis这句有这个意思呢？

谢谢。

One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from acting.Since managers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.

说明managers经常已经在分析以前“知道”（凭经验）怎么做，所以intuition是思考和行动相结合的过程。

as a check on the results of more rational analysis，对更多理性分析结果的检查=evaluate possible solutions to a problem，这只不过是原文的改写而已。仔细体会和理解就能感觉到check有evaluate的意思。并且19中的d一定是错的，manager的institution并没有d这一项，不一定要用排除法。我个人的做法是靠自己的理解，line 21-35并没有提到确立目标，所以d错。文章没提到的就是无关选项。

一家之言，请各位指教