[推荐]受hk6585兄委托,张贴jj (2)

一種不純的石墨碳，是含碳物質在限制通入空氣的條件下不完全燃燒或加熱時得到的殘留物。焦炭、碳黑和煤煙灰都可看作是不同形式的炭，其他形式炭都按其製備時所用材料而定名，如木炭、血炭和骨炭等。高爐中用來還原金屬礦石的炭已為焦炭所取代。生產某些化工產品時的碳其來源已為天然氣代替，但黑色火藥和表面滲碳金屬中仍使用炭。採用特殊工藝可製取高孔隙率的炭，其表面積達300～2,000平方公尺／克。這種所謂的活性炭，廣泛用於吸附液體和氣體中有氣味或有色的物質，如用於飲水、糖和許多其他產品的淨化過程。在某些化工產品製造中用作催化劑或用作其他催化劑的載體。

Impure form of carbon, obtained as a residue when material containing carbon is partially burned or heated with limited access to air. Coke, carbon black, and soot are forms of charcoal; other forms are named for their source material, such as wood, blood, or bone. Largely replaced by coke in blast furnaces and by natural gas as a raw material, charcoal is still used to make black gunpowder and in case-hardening metals. Activated charcoal is a finely powdered or highly porous form whose surface area is hundreds or thousands of square meters per gram. It has many uses as an adsorbent (see adsorption), including for poison treatment, and as a catalyst or catalyst carrier.