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几道逻辑题
请教几道逻辑题。
Head injury is the most serious type of injury sustained in motorcycle accidents. The average cost to taxpayers for medical care for nonbelmeted motorcycle-accident victims is twice that for their helmeted counterparts. Jurisdictions that have enacted motorcycle-helmet laws have reduced the incidence and severity of accident-related head injuries, thereby reducing the cost to taxpayers. Therefore, to achieve similar cost reductions, other jurisdictions should enact motorcycle-helmet laws. For the same reason jurisdictions should also require helmets for horseback riders, since horseback-riding accidents are even more likely to cause serious head injury than motorcycle accidents are.
7.Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the author's conclusion concerning helmets for horseback riders depend?
(A) Medical care for victims of horseback-riding accidents is financial drain on tax funds.
(B) The higher rate of serious head injury suffered by victims of horseback-riding accidents is due to the difference in size between horses and motorcycles.
(C) The medical costs associated with treating head injuries are higher than those for other types of injury.
(D) Most fatalities resulting from horseback-riding and motorcycle accidents could have been prevented if the victims had been wearing helmets.
(E) When deciding whether to enact helmet laws for motorcyclists and horseback riders, the jurisdiction's primary concerns is the safety of its citizens.
请问此题答案为什么是A？
19. Amy McConnell is considering running for election against the incumbent, Gregory Lutz. If Lutz has a large campaign fund, then he is already far ahead, and McConnell will not run against him. If Lutz does not have a large campaign fund, McConnell will scrutinize Lutz's record for any hints of scandal that she could use against him. Anything of a scandalous nature would increase McConnell's chances of winning, and she would campaign for election. If Lutz has a clean record, however, McConnell will not run against him.
Given the information in the passage, which one of the following must be false?
(A) Lutz does not have a large campaign fund, and McConnell does not run against him.
(B) Lutz's record contains items that would increase McConnell's chances of winning, and she runs against him.
(C) Lutz's record contains scandalous items, and McConnell does not run against him.
(D) Lutz's record contains nothing that would increase McConnell's chances of winning, and she runs against him.
(E) Lutz has a large campaign fund, and McConnell does not run against him.
答案D是明显错误的，可是答案C在文中也没有提及啊？
23. Anthony: It has been established that over 80 percent of those who use heirom have a history of having used marijuana. Such evidence would seem to prove that smoking marijuana definitely leads to heroin use.
Judith: Maybe smoking marijuana does lead to heroin use, but it is absurd to thins that citing those statistics proves that it does. After all, 100 percent of the people who take up heroin had a previous history of drinking water.
Judith's reply to Anthony's argument relies on which one of the following argumentative strategies?
(A) offering evidence suggesting that the statistics Anthony cites in support of his conclusion are inaccurate
(B) understanding the credibility of his conclusion by showing that it is a statement from which absurd consequences can be derived
(C) providing an example to show that not everything that promotes heroin use is unsafe
(D) demonstrating that Anthony's line of reasoning is flawed by showing such reasoning can lead to clearly false conclusions
(E) calling into question the possibility of ever establishing causal connections solely on the basis of statistical evidence .
答案E为什么不正确呢？
Proposals for extending the United States school year to bring it more in line with its European and Japanese counterparts are often met with the objection that curtailing the school's three-month summer vacation would violate an established United States tradition dating from the nineteenth century. However, this objection misses its mark. True, in the nineteenth century, the majority of schools closed for three months every summer, but only because they were in rural areas where successful harvests depended on children labor. If any policy could be justified by those appears to tradition. It would be the policy of determining the length of the school year according to the needs of the economy.
25. Which one of the following principles, if accepted, would provide the strongest justification for the conclusion?
(A) That a given social policy has traditionally been in force justifies maintaining that policy only if doing so does not conflict with more pressing social needs.
(B) Appeals to us own traditions cannot excuse a country from the obligation to bring its practices in line with the legitimate expectations of the rest of the world.
(C) Because appeals to tradition often serve to mask the real interests the real interests at issue, such appeals should be disregarded.
(D) Traditional principles should be discarded when they no longer serve the needs of the economy.
(E) The actual tradition embodied in a given practice can be accurately identified only by reference to the reasons that originally prompted that practice.
象25这样的题做错，然后看看答案也能明白。可是纵观者几道题，都是拿不准，觉得好几个答案都象。似乎自己在看题的时候并没有抓住症结所在。可是，时间非常紧张，不可能看完答案再去看原题，尤其是几个答案都特别象，或者是差别很小的时候。请问各位，有没有好的办法或者经验共享呢？再有，我逻辑LSAT都做了12套了，还是对一半错一半，实在是着急！本人愚钝之至，望高手指点。
感谢
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发表于 2003-8-4 06:48:00
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