我花了很多时间分析的prep1-essay#13 还有些问题，希望大家参与讨论！

Essay #13.
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            (23223-!-item-!-188;#058&00281-00)

Comparable worth, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay, insists that the values of certain tasks performed in dissimilar jobs can be compared.  In the last decade, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so.

This widespread institutional awareness of comparable worth indicates increased public awareness that pay inequities--that is, situations in which pay is not "fair" because it does not reflect the true value of a job--exist in the labor market.  However, the question still remains:  have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?（然而，问题仍然存在，根据comparable worth的原则，（公司）所得而发放的平等的工作是否本质上是按前人设定的惯例发放的还是只是短暂的，起一种妥协的作用，让雇佣者误导女性员工相信他们的他们长期以来发放的工资是和（公司）的获得相对等）

Comparable worth pay adjustments are indeed precedent-setting.  Because of the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs.  But whenever comparable worth principles are applied to pay schedules, perceived unjustified pay differences are eliminated.  In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive than other mandates, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  Neither（指前面的such as的两个mandates） compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer.  Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; may carry similar responsibility; may be carried on in an environment having a similar impact upon the worker; and may have a similar dollar value to the employer.

1P:comparable worth作为取消工资的不平的的标准，认为不同的工作当中的目标完成是可以相比的。在上一个十年间成为重要的社会政策，广泛运用。comparable worth, in the last decades,

2P: 广泛的由来已久的comparable worth的认识表明了公众认为不平等的工资广泛存在于劳动市场。然而… the wide spread,indicates, is not because, however

3P: comparable worth的调整是有前人设计好的原则的。对比其他的mandate来说明，由于comparable worth可以对比不同的工作之间而使他们都可以量化为雇的获得，所以comparable worth运用更广泛。TS, because, but, in this sense,then, more…than, neither, on the other hand, ;

问题如下：

我的理解是：（然而，问题仍然存在，根据comparable worth的原则，（公司）所得而发放的平等的工作是否本质上是按前人设定的惯例发放的还是只是短暂的，起一种妥协的作用，让雇佣者误导女性员工相信他们的他们长期以来发放的工资是和（公司）的获得相对等）

不知道对不对？

1.         如果transitory理解为短暂的，是指什么是短暂的？

2.         a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?如果理解为同位语，是谁的同位语啊？

3.         这段话的作用是为了说明这段的观点，”广泛的由来已久的comparable worth的认识表明了公众认为不平等的工资广泛存在于劳动市场”仍然存在吗？

l  Neither（指前面的such as的两个mandates） compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer.

我对Neither的理解：指前面的such as的两个mandates

这句话是说没有一个mandates比较了不同工作之间，以努力了解哪些因素－专业知识，解决问题的能力和责任感－决定了对于雇主可以量化为钱的因素。

我理解这句华的作用是：从反面来说明comparable worth比其它的mandate更加广泛的优势。下面有on the other hand,是从正面对比来说明comparable worth的作用，即可以让雇主可以量化为钱的因素

l  对于第二段，见我的逻辑图。第二段的内容：对比其他的mandate来说明，由于comparable worth可以对比不同的工作之间而使他们都可以量化为雇主付出的金钱，所以comparable worth运用更广泛。和第一句comparable worth的调整是有前人设计好的原则的关系是什么？不是很明显，请哪位帮忙分析一下！

关于问题部分，

Question #43.  281-01  (23269-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-01)

Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage?

(A) To criticize the implementation of a new procedure

(B) To assess the significance of a change in policy

(C) To illustrate how a new standard alters procedures

(D) To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases

(E) To summarize the changes made to date
            as a result of social policy

选B。第一段是说comparable worth作为去除工资不平等的标准广泛运用。第二段是公众地他的怀疑说明不平等还是存在。第三代对comparable worth的precedent-setting.进行探讨。

问：我还是不理解为甚是评价政策变化的重要性？
        看来还是逻辑主线和主旨没有读请清楚，请指教。

Question #44.  281-03  (23315-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-03)

According to the passage, which of the following is true of comparable worth as a policy?

(A)  Comparable worth policy decisions in pay-inequity cases have often failed to satisfy the complainants.

(B)
                    Comparable worth policies have been applied to both public-sector and private-sector employee pay schedules.

(C) Comparable worth as a policy has come to be widely criticized in the past decade. 第二段说了问题仍然存在，但是从全文看它一直被广泛运用，没有被广泛批评。

(D) Many employers have considered comparable worth as a policy but very few have actually adopted it. 第一段说
        他的广泛运用

(E) Early implementations of comparable worth policies resulted in only transitory gains in pay equity. 文章没有此观点。

选B

Question #45.  281-07  (23364-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-07)

It can be inferred from the passage that application of "other mandates" (see highlighted text) would be unlikely to result in an outcome satisfactory to the female employees in which of the following situations?

<need to be fixed>

(A)  I only

(B)  II only

(C)  III only

(D)  I and II only

(E)  I and III only

Question #46.  281-09  (23410-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-09)

Which of the following best describes an application of the principles of comparable worth as they are described in the passage?

(A) The current pay, rates of increase, and rates of promotion for female mechanics are compared with those of male mechanics. 反

(B) The training, skills, and job experience of computer programmers in one division of a corporation are compared to those of programmers making more money in another division.原文说“may have a similar dollar value to the employer”

(C) The number of women holding top executive positions in a corporation is compared to the number of women available for promotion to those positions, and both tallies are matched to the tallies for men in the same corporation. 不是原文说的premise之一” may carry similar responsibility”

(D) The skills, training, and job responsibilities of the clerks in the township tax assessor's office are compared to those of the much better-paid township engineers.

(E) The working conditions of female workers in a hazardous-materials environment are reviewed and their pay schedules compared to those of all workers in similar environments across the nation.文章没有讨论不同哦功能国家之间的对比