某种植物，利用黄蜂(wasp/parasitic wasp寄生蜂)----毛毛虫(caterpillar)的天敌，攻击毛毛虫。 v1 一篇是讲毛毛虫，植物，还有捕捉一种毛毛虫的动物，这三者之间的关系，这篇是最长的，我没太看懂....不好意思啊各位... 主要是讲什么/怎么样导致植物分泌一种物质使捕食者来消灭毛毛虫 ；第一段猜测这三者的关系 第二段就是科学家通过试验来验证这个猜测 WASP会把它的幼虫LAVAE寄生到一种虫身上. 这种虫吃一种植物.这种植物在这种虫吃它时会分泌一种CHEMICAL, 这种CHEMICAL 会吸引WASP. 所以这种植物是通过另外一种生物来抵抗它的天敌. v2 植物利用黄蜂攻击毛毛虫 [旧JJ内容]讲一种树在受到caterpillar的攻击的时候可以释放出一种气味以吸引wasps来攻击这种caterpillar, 不仅如此，科学家还发现这种树还可以判断caterpillar是否在攻击自己而释放出不同的气味. 第一题问树枝被刮断时黄蜂会有什么反应， 有一道主题题（一共4题），另外的记不起来，sorry v3（原文还是怎地） Parasitic and predatory arthropods often prevent plants from being severely damaged by killing herbivores as they feed on the plants. Recent studies show that a variety of plants, when injured by herbivores, emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies to the herbivores. It is unlikely that herbivore-damaged plants initiate the production of chemicals solely to attract parasitoids and predators. The signaling role probably evolved secondarily from plant responses that produce toxins and deterrents against herbivores and antibiotics against pathogens. To effectively function as signals for natural enemies, the emitted volatiles should be clearly distinguishable from background odors, specific for prey or host species that feed on the plant, and emitted at times when the natural enemies forage. Our studies on the phenomena of herbivore-induced emissions of volatiles in corn and cotton plants and studies conducted by others indicate that (i) the clarity of the volatile signals is high, as they are unique for herbivore damage, produced in relatively large amounts, and easily distinguishable from background odors; (ii) specificity is limited when different herbivores feed on the same plant species but high as far as odors emitted by different plant species and genotypes are concerned; (iii) the signals are timed so that they are mainly released during the daytime, when natural enemies tend to forage, and they wane slowly after herbivory stops.
拼图：本文应为结论（假设）or现象解释型文章。（待验证，目前偏向前者）
第一段：提出植物、caterpillar、wasp/parasitic wasp之间关系的假设or现象：caterpillar是herbivore，caterpillar feed on plants. 这样plants就有可能被过度破坏，为了防止这种过度破坏，植物会释放一种chemical/odor，借以吸引wasp----毛毛虫的天敌(natural enemies)，这样wasp就会干掉(kill) caterpillar。植物得以免于被过度破坏。
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发表于 2011-12-19 19:20:36
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