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供大家参考啊,但是我到现在还不明白,with的独立主格到底修饰的是什么部分啊? 主句主语? 临近的名词? 看了语法笔记似乎更晕乎了。 NN帮解答下啊。
摘录部分: 独立主格结构放在句首或句尾,起状语作用,表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等
1)一般独立主格,与主句形成松散的逻辑关系,与主句描述动作、状态同时发生或存在,形式为:
n.+ n.; n. + -ed/ing 形式; n. + 介词短语;n. +形容词短语
2)with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
由“with+宾语+宾补”构成的复合结构,在句中可作状语,表示伴随,修饰邻近分句主语,with后面宾语为与主语相关的东西。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当。
例:Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
3)each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:
句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing 形式。
注意点:独立主格并不包括“with + n. + 定语从句”和“n. + 定语从句”的形式,这个形式做的是非限定性修饰前面名词的定语,因为这个形式就相当于n, with + n.,或者是n., n. + that概括性同位语。
with独立主格结构:
由“with+宾语+宾补”构成的复合结构,在句中可作状语,表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当:
With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs that are essentially wheel-like, with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub.
球形织网的蜘蛛如argiope,所织的网很像车轮:有个外部的圆边,还有从中心发散到外沿的很多个类似轮辐的线。
With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee.
With引导独立主格结构作原因状语
each 型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:
句子 +复数名词结尾, each +介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式
The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years. (类似each型)
Deserts are inhabited by several distinct animal species, each with its ownmethod of adapting to long periods of moisture shortage.
沙漠里居住这几种不同的动物,每一种都有其自身的方法长期适应湿气不足的环境。
with与each可以引导独立主格结构,独立主格结构的形式,需要注意其所表达的逻辑意思
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