In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars. When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on. Putting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart. Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females. Probably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.
In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
先po题~prep08版逻辑笔记,第74题
In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars. When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on. Putting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart. Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females. Probably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.
In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
A.Whether there are more collared female rhinoceroses than uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park
B.How the tranquilizer that is used for immobilizing rhinoceroses differs, if at all, from tranquilizers used in working with other large mammals
C.How often park rangers need to use tranquilizer darts to immobilize rhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars
D.Whether male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park lose their collars any more often than the park's female rhinoceroses do
E.Whether radio collars are the only practical means that park rangers have for tracking the movements of rhinoceroses in the park
楼主是在看Helr版的Prep08逻辑笔记中对于此题Helr给出的解释有深深疑惑~想和大家一起讨论。
研究过helr对于CR题型七大分类的同学们来说:
此题的逻辑链应该是这样的:(这部分楼主和Helr的解释是一样的)
前提:transquilizer和lower fertility rates存在正相关关系
结论:some substance in transquilizer inhibits fertility(transquilizer导致lower fertility rates)
此类“相关因果推理”题有4个CQ:
1、相关关系的存在,即在另一个情境下两个事物是否仍然存在相关关系
2、是否存在中介过度事件
3、因果方向的问题
4、他因
而针对上题的正确选项C:How often park rangers need to use tranquilizer darts to immobilize rhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars
Helr给出的解释是“这些犀牛的生育率是相对固定的,即recollar的比不recollar的要低一些。如果公园护林员有很多其他原因去麻醉犀牛的话,那么就表示,recollar的犀牛所用的麻醉剂的量并不一定比不recollar的高。所以麻醉剂和生育率之间的相关性就被削弱了,即保持果不变,因可以发生变化。属于CQ1:相关性不存在。”
可是楼主的理解确实:C选项的意思在于“评估护林员出于其他原因麻醉犀牛的频率是有多少”,如果频率高,说明带来生育率低这一结果的因不单单在于镇定剂中的一些物质成分,而是在于镇定剂使用的频率。如果这样理解的话,显然应该属于CQ4(他因问题)
前提和结果还是有点儿问题的:
前提(果):Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females
结论(因):some substance in transquilizer inhibits fertility
逻辑链:More frequently recollared---> lower fertility rates--->some substance in transquilizer inhibits fertility
也就是More frequently recollared---> some substance in transquilizer inhibits fertility
前提结论中有个gap:这个推理建立在一个Assumption上: recollar是唯一获得substance in transquilizer的机会。要削弱结论,就质疑这个Assumption。假设是结论成立的必要条件,根据“无之必不然”,则假设为假,结论必为假。
C就是对假设发问:recollar是唯一获得substance in transquilizer的机会吗?
但是这道题我当时有点卡在这个选项的是:选项只是说了是否会因为别的原因用麻醉,那么就是不管是什么原因,他们的共同点都是用了麻醉。好,再看结论,最后一句:The substance in the transquilizer inhibits fertility. 那么也就是说讨论的是麻醉剂里的物质会致不育咯,然后选项中问的,就是不论哪种方法归根结底都是用麻醉啊。。。。 是不是这个选项其实不能很好的evaluate呢。。。说的有点语无伦次。。。不知道能不能明白我的意思。。。