og-172

172. There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical
procedures—up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand between different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies.
To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical
procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?
(A) A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary.
(B) The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered.
(C) There are several categories of surgical procedure (other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies) that are often performed unnecessarily.
(D) For certain surgical procedures, it is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded.
(E) With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies,
prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general

答案是B，看过OG的解释和以前的讨论帖，还是有点不明白，可不可以这样理解，数字的差异与必要的手术无关，所以与不必要的手术有关，从而得出结论。谁能帮我看一下？

差异只和surgical procedures 有关. 否则差异和其他因素也有关, 则结论不能成立.

可爱的叮当,能解释的更清楚一些吗?有点看不懂

另外,能翻译一下选项B吗?

172. There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical
procedures—up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand people between different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies.

To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical
procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?

(B) The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered.

谁能帮忙翻译一下题干和B选项啊？谢谢！实在是看不懂题目！

周六日，LES MM也不休息一下

题干：要支持这样一个结论：差异的很大一部分是由于不必要执行外科手术而造成的，下面哪一条的成立是最重要的？

（B）这些差异与（影响（可能会被考虑做手术）的（疾病的发生））的因素无关，（不同于或除了手术本身的因素）

解题：造成这些差异的可能原因要不是疾病本身的的发生（而又需要做手术）而造成的，要不就是不必要的手术（不该做手术而错误的做了）而造成的，（B） 否掉了疾病本身的因素，就只能是unnecessary surgical procedures 的原因了。

哎哟挺别扭的说，不知道说明白没有。见笑见笑。

以下是引用chwayne在2004-6-20 16:49:00的发言：

题干：要支持这样一个结论：差异的很大一部分是由于不必要执行外科手术而造成的，下面哪一条的成立是最重要的？

（B）这些差异与（影响（可能会被考虑做手术）的（疾病的发生））的因素无关，（不同于或除了手术本身的因素）

解题：造成这些差异的可能原因要不是疾病本身的的发生（而又需要做手术）而造成的，要不就是不必要的手术（不该做手术而错误的做了）而造成的，（B） 否掉了疾病本身的因素，就只能是unnecessary surgical procedures 的原因了。

哎哟挺别扭的说，不知道说明白没有。见笑见笑。

谢谢chwayne休息日还来帮偶。大概明白了，选项就是排除它因。不过还有两点迷糊：

1. 文中说的geographical variation是什么意思？怎么就一会儿转到unnecessary surgical procedures上来的？

2. 请问排除它因是不是也是假设题型的一种解题思路？对了这个问题的前提就是本题是不是假设题型？

谢谢！

1．geographical variation, 我理解的是：地域（地理）差异，原文说：很多外科手术施行的frequency有极大的地域差异，（就是不同的地方某些手术的施行频度差别很大）。为什么要转到unnecessary surgical procedures, 是问题要转的呀，问题问：要支持这样一个结论，哪个选项是most important.

2.   是的，排除他因是假设题的基本解法之一，假设与支持的关系是：所有的假设都是支持，（但所有的支持不一定都是假设），我的理 解是：assumption=necessary condition=support，请参考。