如何确定逻辑题原文的“事实”呢

小娟子nana · 发表于 2010-4-4 01:06:40

我们知道我们在做逻辑题时，一定要按照原文怎样说就怎样做，就是说如果原文说地球是方的，我们也得按照原文的这种“事实”来做题。但是我们有时候也遇到了些题，说“因为原文的条件错了，所以推导不出这个结论”。我这就犯傻了，到底原文哪些是不可批判的事实，哪些是可批判的事实呢？我这样说大家可能不明白我在说什么，以下我举两个例子：

1（蓝色官方语文16）
Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent. To combat this problem, more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines.

Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution proposed above?

(A) The major causes of delays at the nation's busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment.
(B) Since airline deregulation began, the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent.
(C) Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation's busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines.
(D) After a small midwestern airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots, the number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percent.
(E) Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation's busiest airports has doubled.
答案是a。

2（Og12——84）
Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives.
However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. A.These wine makers have been able to duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites by means that do not involve adding any potentially allergenic substances to their wine.
B. B.Not all forms of sulfite are equally likely to produce the allergic reactions.
C. C.Wine is the only beverage to which sulfites are commonly added.
D. D.Apart from sulfites, there are no substances commonly present in wine that give rise to an allergic reaction.
E. E.Sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines.
答案是e。

第一题选a的逻辑理由是，由于A推导的过程中，a这个条件有问题，所以当然解决不了文章的问题啦。注意哦，这题是否定了原文的条件的。但是我觉得黄色字部分是原文所给的条件，是不能否定的，所以当时想选a也没有选了。
第二题则是说文章清清楚楚说了是“Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives”，其他物质你就别考虑啦，所以选很有争议的e不是d。

大家不知道有没有看出这两题的问题。第一题是光明正大的否定原文的条件，但是第二题却打死也要说文章是这样说的啦，所以你就不用考虑其他物质了。可以说第一题给的条件是可批判的“事实”，而第二题的条件是不可批判的“事实”。这我就犯糊涂了··到底该如何确定这些“事实”呢？这个问题很关键阿，想想看，如果我们知道原文的“事实”是不可批判的，我们大可放心在这“事实”的基础上假设阿，削弱阿等等···
希望大侠能帮帮忙解决这个问题，个人觉得这个问题很重要，谢谢

AmyGMAT · 发表于 2010-4-4 01:17:52

我们知道我们在做逻辑题时，一定要按照原文怎样说就怎样做，就是说如果原文说地球是方的，我们也得按照原文的这种“事实”来做题。但是我们有时候也遇到了些题，说“因为原文的条件错了，所以推导不出这个结论”。我这就犯傻了，到底原文哪些是不可批判的事实，哪些是可批判的事实呢？我这样说大家可能不明白我在说什么，以下我举两个例子：

1（蓝色官方语文16）
Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent. To combat this problem, more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines.

Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution proposed above?

(A) The major causes of delays at the nation's busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment.
(B) Since airline deregulation began, the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent.
(C) Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation's busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines.
(D) After a small midwestern airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots, the number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percent.
(E) Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation's busiest airports has doubled.
答案是a。

2（Og12——84）
Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives.
However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. A.These wine makers have been able to duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites by means that do not involve adding any potentially allergenic substances to their wine.
B. B.Not all forms of sulfite are equally likely to produce the allergic reactions.
C. C.Wine is the only beverage to which sulfites are commonly added.
D. D.Apart from sulfites, there are no substances commonly present in wine that give rise to an allergic reaction.
E. E.Sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines.
答案是e。

第一题选a的逻辑理由是，由于A推导的过程中，a这个条件有问题，所以当然解决不了文章的问题啦。注意哦，这题是否定了原文的条件的。但是我觉得黄色字部分是原文所给的条件，是不能否定的，所以当时想选a也没有选了。
第二题则是说文章清清楚楚说了是“Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives”，其他物质你就别考虑啦，所以选很有争议的e不是d。

大家不知道有没有看出这两题的问题。第一题是光明正大的否定原文的条件，但是第二题却打死也要说文章是这样说的啦，所以你就不用考虑其他物质了。可以说第一题给的条件是可批判的“事实”，而第二题的条件是不可批判的“事实”。这我就犯糊涂了··到底该如何确定这些“事实”呢？这个问题很关键阿，想想看，如果我们知道原文的“事实”是不可批判的，我们大可放心在这“事实”的基础上假设阿，削弱阿等等···
希望大侠能帮帮忙解决这个问题，个人觉得这个问题很重要，谢谢

-- by 会员小娟子nana (2010/4/4 1:06:40)

Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent.
呵呵搞混了，sinceA，B 这里只有A是原因，而B是结论，a选项就是否定了A即原因注意注意sinceA，B. A是原因

Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives.
However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.

而这里红字的部分是在陈述一个事实，其实一般情况下不用管它
黄色部分（since后的是原因）
两道题都是一样的都是在通过weaken原因来weaken结论

pirate舟 · 发表于 2012-4-1 02:13:13

我们知道我们在做逻辑题时，一定要按照原文怎样说就怎样做，就是说如果原文说地球是方的，我们也得按照原文的这种“事实”来做题。但是我们有时候也遇到了些题，说“因为原文的条件错了，所以推导不出这个结论”。我这就犯傻了，到底原文哪些是不可批判的事实，哪些是可批判的事实呢？我这样说大家可能不明白我在说什么，以下我举两个例子：

1（蓝色官方语文16）
Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent. To combat this problem, more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines.

Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution proposed above?

(A) The major causes of delays at the nation's busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment.
(B) Since airline deregulation began, the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent.
(C) Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation's busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines.
(D) After a small midwestern airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots, the number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percent.
(E) Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation's busiest airports has doubled.
答案是a。

2（Og12——84）
Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives.
However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. A.These wine makers have been able to duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites by means that do not involve adding any potentially allergenic substances to their wine.
B. B.Not all forms of sulfite are equally likely to produce the allergic reactions.
C. C.Wine is the only beverage to which sulfites are commonly added.
D. D.Apart from sulfites, there are no substances commonly present in wine that give rise to an allergic reaction.
E. E.Sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines.
答案是e。

第一题选a的逻辑理由是，由于A推导的过程中，a这个条件有问题，所以当然解决不了文章的问题啦。注意哦，这题是否定了原文的条件的。但是我觉得黄色字部分是原文所给的条件，是不能否定的，所以当时想选a也没有选了。
第二题则是说文章清清楚楚说了是“Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives”，其他物质你就别考虑啦，所以选很有争议的e不是d。

大家不知道有没有看出这两题的问题。第一题是光明正大的否定原文的条件，但是第二题却打死也要说文章是这样说的啦，所以你就不用考虑其他物质了。可以说第一题给的条件是可批判的“事实”，而第二题的条件是不可批判的“事实”。这我就犯糊涂了··到底该如何确定这些“事实”呢？这个问题很关键阿，想想看，如果我们知道原文的“事实”是不可批判的，我们大可放心在这“事实”的基础上假设阿，削弱阿等等···
希望大侠能帮帮忙解决这个问题，个人觉得这个问题很重要，谢谢

-- by 会员小娟子nana (2010/4/4 1:06:40)

Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent.
呵呵搞混了，sinceA，B 这里只有A是原因，而B是结论，a选项就是否定了A即原因注意注意sinceA，B. A是原因

Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives.
However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.

而这里红字的部分是在陈述一个事实，其实一般情况下不用管它
黄色部分（since后的是原因）
两道题都是一样的都是在通过weaken原因来weaken结论

-- by 会员 AmyGMAT (2010/4/4 1:17:52)

很久以前的帖，想再请高人解答一下lz的问题。
对于楼上关于第一题的解释，有点不理解：
Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent.
呵呵搞混了，sinceA，B 这里只有A是原因，而B是结论，a选项就是否定了A即原因注意注意sinceA，B. A是原因

我觉得ls所说这里的因果只是这一整句话内部的因果，而这一整句话在题目推理中充当的是一个条件。那么A还是在说这个条件有问题，说这些delay是由另外的原因引起的，完全不理会题目确切说出来的：这些delay是因为degregulation。

关于第2题，我的理解是，“Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives”这里只说including, 也许还有其他的sulfites是酒里面自己产生的，所以答案排除了这个可能，是说的通的。

而我的问题就是关于第一题，上面黑体字提出的不解。求高人解惑啊~~~~~~

zhenyu2004 · 发表于 2012-4-1 20:41:40

Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent.

我觉得这里的since 是自从的意思，不是原因，所以不能看作原因

chocolateberry · 发表于 2012-4-8 15:20:36

第一题更像是plan-goal的题型啊，那么就应该保留plan 削弱goal，即说明plan如何达不到预期的goal(虽然这里的goal不是那么明显，但可以通过to combat this problem 看出goal 就是to combat delays)。
本题中就是说明为什么plan: allocated to commercial airlines,不能实现goal: To combat this problem,因为A：The major causes of delays at the nation's busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment.
另外针对A选项与原文冲突的说法我认为是不成立。因为原文开始只是在陈述一个背景，其中说的deregulation of airlines 只能说明一个航空公司管制不当，其中的deregulation 即使与bad weather 关系不大，但是可以跟overtaxed air traffic control equipment匹配上，简而言之A并没有与原文产生意思上的冲突

几米的世界9 · 发表于 2014-8-24 10:19:37

zhenyu2004 发表于 2012-4-1 20:41
Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased ...

同意！！！

如何确定逻辑题原文的“事实”呢

所属分类: GMAT考试

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