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发表于 2010-5-11 11:09:53
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would have happened without investments
in IT—productivity gains might have been
even lower. There were even claims that
IT had improved the performance of the
(30) service sector significantly, although mac-
roeconomic measures of productivity did
not reflect the improvement. 现象及IT支持者的论据
But some observers questioned why,
if IT had conferred economic value, it did
(35) not produce direct competitive advantages
for individual firms. Resource-based
theory offers an answer, asserting that,
in general, firms gain competitive advan-
tages by accumulating resources that are
(40) economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated. According to
a recent study of retail firms, which con-
firmed that IT has become pervasive
and relatively easy to acquire, IT by
(45) itself appeared to have conferred little
advantage. In fact, though little evidence
of any direct effect was found, the fre-
quent negative correlations between IT
and performance suggested that IT had
(50) probably weakened some firms’ compet-
itive positions. However表递进, firms’ human
resources, in and of themselves, did
explain improved performance, and
some firms gained IT-related advan-
(55) tages by merging IT with complementary
resources, particularly human resources.
The findings support the notion, founded
in resource-based theory, that competi-
tive advantages do not arise from easily
(60) replicated resources, no matter how
impressive or economically valuable
they may be, but from complex, intan-
gible resources.
现象解释？
逻辑简图：
1P : Most pre-1990 focused on successes and reflected a general optimism... But toward the end of the 1980’s, productivity paradox… for example… proponents of IT argued…also argued.. even claimed…..
2P: But observers questioned why….. Resource-based theory offers an answer, However表递进, firms’ human resources, did explain improved performance,…. The finding support notion in R theory……
GWD-5-Q22:
The passage is primarily concerned with
describing a resource and indicating various methods used to study it
presenting a theory and offering an opposing point of view
providing an explanation for unexpected findings
demonstrating why a particular theory is unfounded
resolving a disagreement regarding the uses of a technology
文章中作者是在表达自己的观点 注意文章套路
ANSWER:c
The passage suggests that proponents of resource-based theory would be likely to explain IT’s inability to produce direct competitive advantages for individual firms by pointing out that
IT is not a resource that is difficult to obtain
IT is not an economically valuable resource
IT is a complex, intangible resource
economic progress has resulted from IT only in the service sector
changes brought about by IT cannot be detected by macroeconomic measures
answer:a
The author of the passage discusses productivity in the retail industry in the first paragraph primarily in order to
suggest a way in which IT can be used to create a competitive advantage
provide an illustration of the “productivity paradox”
emphasize the practical value of the introduction of IT
cite an industry in which productivity did not stagnate during the 1980’s
counter the argument that IT could potentially create competitive advantage
注意例子前后的观点
--answer:b------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-5-Q25:
According to the passage, most pre-1990 literature on businesses’ use of IT included which of the following?
Recommendations regarding effective ways to use IT to gain competitive advantage
Explanations of the advantages and disadvantages of adopting IT
Information about ways in which IT combined with human resources could be used to increase competitive advantage
A warning regarding the negative effect on competitive advantage that would occur if IT were not adoptedf
A belief in the likelihood of increased competitive advantage for firms using IT
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发表于 2010-5-11 11:05:39
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