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请教og 11 (综合)-48

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楼主
发表于 2009-7-4 23:06:00 | 只看该作者

请教og 11 (综合)-48

some anthropologists study modern-day societies of foragers in an effort to learn about our ancient ancestors who were also foragers.A flaw in this strategy is that forager societies are extremely varied.Indeed, any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar with has had considerable contact with modern non-forager societies.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the criticism made above of the anthropolgists' strategy?

A) All forager societies throughout history have had a number of important features in common that are absent from other types of societies.

E) Even those modern-day forager societies that have not had significant contact with modern societies are importantly different from ancient forager societies.

答案是A,这个明白。但是我觉得E 也对啊。

E 的意思是说即使forager societies和现代社会没有联系也和古代的forager societies有很大不同。也就是说和现代社会的联系是无关紧要的。那不是就反驳第2种批评,“any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar with has had considerable contact with modern non-forager societies.” --forager society 和现代社会联系太多吗?

请教nn赐教。

沙发
发表于 2009-7-4 23:23:00 | 只看该作者

要反驳的是“批评家认为用过去去了解现在不可行,因为变化太大”。

E的意思,恰好是说“变化太大”,这不是支持批评家么?


[此贴子已经被作者于2009-7-4 23:23:25编辑过]
板凳
发表于 2009-7-4 23:24:00 | 只看该作者
逻辑链是 "forager societies are extremely varied" + "any forager society  has had contact with modern non-forager societies" => "study modern-day societies of foragers to learn about our ancient ancestors"不可行
E和条件2一样 都是说 modern-day forager societies 和 ancient forager societies 有不同, 反而加强了argument
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2009-7-5 21:56:00 | 只看该作者

批评者批评的第一个原因是因为变化大。第二个原因我理解是因为forager society 和现代社会有联系,所以不行。不知道我对第二个原因的理解对不对?

继续请教。

5#
发表于 2009-7-5 22:32:00 | 只看该作者
“联系”这个词有点歧义,不知道楼主的意识是有关系还是有交流
我的理解是forager society 和现代社会有交流,所以不行
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2009-7-7 07:18:00 | 只看该作者

恩,换成交流更好些,

批评者批评的第一个原因是因为变化大。第二个原因我理解是因为forager society 和现代社会有交流,所以不行。

E 的意思是说即使forager societies和现代社会没有交流也和古代的forager societies有很大不同。不就是说和现代社会的交流是无关紧要的,不会影响forager socities varied from 古代forager societies。那不是就反驳第2种批评吗?

7#
发表于 2009-7-7 14:26:00 | 只看该作者
LZ对前提2的理解可能有点偏差,第二个前提尊重原文:"any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar with has had considerable contact with modern non-forager societies"
意思是人类学家们熟悉的任何forager society已经和现代non-forager societies有过交流了
E选项:Even those modern-day forager societies that have not had significant contact with modern societies are importantly different from ancient forager societies.
意思是:即使那些和现代社会没有显著交流的modern-day forager societies和ancient forager societies也有重要不同。说的不是所有的modern-day forager societies,而是“那些和现代社会没有显著交流的”。实际加强了第二个前提,可以结合E,将第二个前提上升为:(“不管交流的,还是没有交流得”,)所有modern-day forager societies和ancient forager societies都很不同了。从集合论的观点看:modern-day forager societies是全集,交流的forager societies是一个子集,没有交流的forager societies是它的补集,E告诉我们该子集的补集也有和它相同的性质,因而得出全集具有某种性质。

前提2的推理是 交流(产生了差异)=>"study modern-day societies of foragers to learn about ancient ancestors"不可行
结合了E则推理变为:            差异 =>"study modern-day societies of foragers to learn about ancient ancestors"不可行
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