3月RC JJ整理 (更新至第58篇)【八神结语 20090326】

共58篇JJ，其中GWD或PREP原文4篇, 近似原文2篇，completeness > 80%的JJ 10篇以上。

200903 JJ  更新至58

200903 RC JJ整理 （by 八神 steviori）

RC-1: 员工跳槽原因

【版本1】关于员工跳槽的文章（3大段，超长），解释人们为什么跳槽，先提出解释embadness的3个因素，然后有个S还有一个B,(人名的确是S和B！，让我印象特别深刻)提出解释embadness的另外2个因素，文章不难,至少没有生词。因该先提出3个老因素，然后再2个新因素

问题(1)主题题 (2)in order to 题 (3)except细节。

拼图：现象解释型

RC-2：早年经历对作家的影响

【版本1】一篇是讲关于早年经历对作家的影响，第一段是说了这个理论（姑且这么称作吧），第二段是用一个人作为例子来支持这个说法

【版本2】也做了这篇：讲关于早年经历对作家的影响  主要就是说年轻时候的经历或者阅读什么的会影响作家后面的创作
   最后举了黑人一个人的例子 说他读大学时当编辑 对他后面很有影响 只记得其中一题是逻辑题 看哪个选项weaken了这种说法 开篇有个和juvenile很像的词 大概就是说青少年的意思  还有formative这个词 adj. (影响)形成[构成, 发展]的

【版本3】刚刚看别人的机经,
            想起来我也考了前期文学作品对后期的文学作品的影响. between juvenila and formative stage of literature . 文章讲了早期作品常常被人忽略但对后期作品的tendency and thought 还是有影响的. 然后举了个黑子例子, 说他前期的作品led to the formation of his later pieces. 有一题是问哪一个weaken了上面说的早期对后期的影响, 我选了C, 说人后期和前期作品中有很大的break.

拼图：结论解释型

RC-3: 某种植物，利用黄蜂(wasp/parasitic wasp寄生蜂)----毛毛虫(caterpillar)的天敌，攻击毛毛虫。（俺“冒然”推测，本篇是本月高频）

【版本1】一篇是讲毛毛虫，植物，还有捕捉一种毛毛虫的动物，这三者之间的关系，这篇是最长的，我没太看懂....不好意思啊各位... 主要是讲什么/怎么样导致植物分泌一种物质使捕食者来消灭毛毛虫 ；第一段猜测这三者的关系 第二段就是科学家通过试验来验证这个猜测
有益补充（已经过JJ作者确认）：WASP会把它的幼虫LAVAE寄生到一种虫身上. 这种虫吃一种植物.这种植物在这种虫吃它时会分泌一种CHEMICAL, 这种CHEMICAL 会吸引WASP. 所以这种植物是通过另外一种生物来抵抗它的天敌.

【版本2】还真碰到了那个Caterpillar的题，　这篇阅读比较长而且逻辑关系很强，　没把眼镜差点看破了. 关键词：caterpillar, wasp, attractive chemicals. 主要讲plants have developed their own defensive system by attracting wasps, the predator of caterpillar host.  caterpillar咬完树叶后，　树叶会自己分泌chemical attracion 引来wasps, 科学家开始怀疑是caterpillar自己在吃剩下的树叶上留下的chemical attraction 后来发现不是. 第一个题问文章concern什么，　我选E, 关于defensive system 第二个是inferred from the passage, wasp would be attracted by which of following , 忘选什么了

[旧JJ相关内容1]植物利用黄蜂攻击毛毛虫讲一种树在受到caterpillar的攻击的时候可以释放出一种气味以吸引wasps来攻击这种caterpillar, 不仅如此，科学家还发现这种树还可以判断caterpillar是否在攻击自己而释放出不同的气味.

第一题问树枝被刮断时黄蜂会有什么反应，

还有一道主题题（一共4题），另外的记不起来，sorry

[旧JJ相关内容2]再烦请机经作者确认是不是这个JJ？（2004年11月JJ）

Parasitic and predatory arthropods often prevent plants from being severely damaged by killing herbivores as they feed on the plants.

Recent studies show that a variety of plants, when injured by herbivores, emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies to the herbivores. It is unlikely that herbivore-damaged plants initiate the production of chemicals solely to attract parasitoids and predators. The signaling role probably evolved secondarily from plant responses that produce toxins and deterrents against herbivores and antibiotics against pathogens. To effectively function as signals for natural enemies, the emitted volatiles should be
            clearly distinguishable from background odors, specific for prey or host species that feed on the plant, and emitted at times when the natural enemies forage. Our studies on the phenomena of herbivore-induced emissions of volatiles in corn and cotton plants and studies conducted by others indicate that (i) the clarity of the volatile signals is high, as they are unique
            for herbivore damage, produced in relatively large amounts, and easily distinguishable from background odors; (ii) specificity is limited when different herbivores feed on the same plant species but high as far as odors emitted by different plant species and genotypes are concerned; (iii) the signals are timed so that they are mainly released during the daytime, when natural enemies tend to forage, and they wane slowly after herbivore stops.

拼图：本文应为结论（假设）or现象解释型文章。（待验证，目前偏向前者）

第一段：提出植物、caterpillar、wasp/parasitic wasp之间关系的假设or现象：caterpillar是herbivore，caterpillar feed on plants. 这样plants就有可能被过度破坏，为了防止这种过度破坏，植物会释放一种chemical/odor，借以吸引wasp----毛毛虫的天敌(natural enemies)，这样wasp就会干掉(kill) caterpillar。植物得以免于被过度破坏。

第二段：科学家设计实验来验证这个假设。

题目：

RC-4 England中世纪领主与农奴的关系

【版本1】有一篇说England中世纪领主（lord）和农奴（serf）的关系的。

第一段，首先介绍领主和农奴的关系。说领主因为拥有土地权就可以剥削农奴：任意征收财产，以及税收，etc，还有几项忘记了。（有题except细节题，定位就可以找到答案）这段最后说由于领主只对个人享受感兴趣，而农奴受压迫等，造成中世纪英国农业生产，科技等都停滞。（有道infer题，问作者同意以下什么观点，就是这句的paraphase）
第二段，话锋一转，说尽管如此，还有其他原因。还应该考虑non-serf的因素。（还是道细节体，问non-serf通过什么方式影响）
第三段，做个总结。后面印象不深了，因为没有题。

拼图：新老观点对比型

RC-5 恐龙灭绝

【版本1】忽然想起来一个是讲恐龙灭绝的，大概是第二段说由于温度变化但证据不全，第三段说是吃植物的恐龙，因为植物的灰尘在大气中阻止了光合作用所以恐龙灭绝

RC-6 温室效应的产生过程 （温室效应：greenhouse effect，多么经典的话题）

【版本1】（本月JJ） 考了温室效应产生过程的一段  不长 3段

（以下各版本为旧JJ内容，有待JJ主人验证，请大家选择性阅读）

[旧JJ相关内容1]温室效应和植物的关系

第一段 温室效应是由于汽车尾气等造成的

第二段 但是，科学家发现，植物和温室效应有很大关系，植物会释放出一种x气体。

第三段 历史上，冰川期的后期，都伴随着x气体的发出，因此科学家猜测，是植物释放此x气体，导致温度上升。但是有科学家反驳，因为此x气体是存在于植物的某个器官里面（记不清楚了），而冰川期后期，温度上升的时候，此器官并没有释放任何气体。

[旧JJ相关内容2]温室效应

K对传统认识有质疑，
        认为既然引起温室效应的物质是北半球工业区多，
        在某一时间段，为何温室效应发生在更多在南半球？提出S打头的一个解释（有题），
            

San（科学家）质疑K。
        解释南半球多是海水，
        忘了， San的观点与K和传统认识根本不同。有主旨题

[旧JJ相关内容3]地球溫室效應的研究：提到一個s物質會導致北半球溫度降低，但在1870年後，反而北半球溫度上升，第一段的學者認為此現象與溫室效應相反。
        

第二段的學者說，本來造成溫室效應的因素就不是這種物質，而是南半球海洋多，而北半球主要是陸地造成的差異，所以s物質只是短暫現象。
        

[旧JJ相关内容4]温室效应的影响.

第一段讲气候学家认为导致全球气候变暖.第二段讲另一部分气候学家认为全球变暖加速蒸发与降雨之间的转换频率,很多水没来得及流进地下就被蒸发了,因此不利地下水形成.因此导致很多耕地沙漠化.第三段讲一些农作物学家认为事情没有这么悲观,因为随着气候变暖,农作物就不那么需要水,减少了对地下水的需求(有题问一些农作物学家认为气候学家的观点怎么样,答:没那么悲观).总共三段.

RC-7 美国黑人（GWD原文）

【版本1】阅读碰到一篇GWD 刚搜到了 在TN 第7套

GWD-9-Q21-Q23 G-9-Q21-Q23       

       In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the southern United States, who constituted 80 percent of the unskilled factory labor force there, strongly supported unionization. While the American Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans or maintained racially segregated unions, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized integrated unions nationwide on the basis of a stated policy of equal rights for all, and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone. Yet it can be argued that through contracts negotiated and enforced by White union members, unions—CIO unions not excluded—were often instrumental in maintaining the occupational segregation and other forms of racial discrimination that kept African Americans socially and economically oppressed during this period. However, recognizing employers’ power over workers as a central factor in African Americans’ economic marginal unionization, African American workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or support for racial discrimination. The persistent efforts of African American unionists eventually paid off: many became highly effective organizers, gaining the respect of even racist White unionists by winning victories for White as well as African American workers. African American unionists thus succeeded in strengthening the unions while using them as instruments of African Americans’ economic empowerment.

GWD-9-Q21 G-9-Q21:

The passage is primarily concerned with

A.    demonstrating that unions failed to address the concerns of African American workers during a particular period

B.    arguing that African American workers’ participation in unions during a particular period was ultimately beneficial to them

C.    contrasting the treatment of African American workers by two different labor organizations during a particular period

D.    giving reasons for the success of African American unionists in winning victories for both African American and White workers during a particular period

E.     questioning one explanation for the attitudes of African American workers toward unionization during a particular period

----------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q22 G-9-Q22:
            

According to the passage, which of the following was true of many racist White unionists during the period discussed in the passage?

A.    Their attitudes toward African American union organizers changed once they recognized that the activities of these organizers were serving workers’ interests.

B.    They were a powerful element in the southern labor movement because they constituted the majority of the unskilled factory labor force in the southern United States.

C.    They persisted in opposing the CIO’s adoption of a stated policy of equal rights for all.

D.    Their primary goal was to strengthen the negotiating power of the unions through increasing White union membership.

E.     Their advocacy of racial discrimination hampered unions in their efforts to gain more power for workers.

---------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q23 G-9-Q23:
            

The author of the passage suggests which of the following about African American workers who participated in union activities in the 1930’s and 1940’s?

A.    They believed that the elimination of discrimination within unions was a necessary first step toward the achievement of economic advancement for African Americans.

B.    They belonged exclusively to CIO unions because they were excluded from AFL unions.

C.    They believed that the economic advancement of African American workers depended on organized efforts to empower all workers.

D.    Some of them advocated the organization of separate African American unions because of discriminatory practices in the AFL and the CIO.

E.     Many of them did not believe that White unionists in CIO unions would tolerate or support racial discrimination against African American workers.

答案是BAC

RC-8 物种灭绝

【版本1】最长的那篇大概起码是一点五倍屏幕...是说extiction的 提出一个理论说星体撞地球，通过天气的变化使物种大量灭绝了.
    然后有fossil evidence来反驳这个理论 说有一些对温度敏感的生活没有受到影响  最后又反过来说 其实如果考虑什么什么的话还是能解释清楚的.
    最后一两段不是那么能懂...题目想不起来了.

其他朋友补充：第二篇是地球上65million年前一次生物大灭绝的情况，有一种理论认为是一个小行星撞地球引起的，但是有证据表示：其实除了恐龙以外，灭绝的物种很少。有一种叫什么什么的动物，它非常脆弱，却也顽强的活了下来。后来又发现证据：说是在灭绝以前，海洋就不断向周边的陆地侵蚀，造成了许多植物的死亡，而这些是恐龙的主要食物

JJ主人回复：跟第二篇有点像，说的是除像恐龙这种食草、陆地动物外，其他动物（如小型动物、水生动物）因为对陆生植物依赖较小，因而受影响较小。还有一题出在这里，比较哪种动物对陆生植物（还是什么来着）的依赖性。

关于“海洋就不断向周边的陆地侵蚀，造成了许多植物的死亡，而这些是恐龙的主要食物”的理论，我没有印象了...

RC-9 灰尘

【版本1】还碰到一个关于 dust and wavelength的阅读，这个也挺长,最后决定不能再看了, 再看电脑屏幕都龟裂了. dust will obsorb most light except for red, since dust articles are too large compared to wavelength of red light. 有个analogy跟ocean light比来说明dust的大小影响光线的吸收。

RC-10 修改测量数据
                （GWD 原文，注意JJ作者确认第一道题有变化）

【版本1】20世纪70年代的中国用19世纪80年的英国测量某山的方法进行对英国原来错误数据的更改。

【版本2】测量珠穆朗玛峰高度, 中国人改正了英国人在测量中的一些问题.(我看到Chinese眼睛就发亮了)

GWD-26-Q32-Q35 中国人改进了英国人测量珠峰高度的方法
                

   In 1975 Chinese survey teams

remeasured Mount Everest, the highest

of the Himalayan mountains. Like the
                

British in 1852, they used the age-old

Line (5) technique of “carrying in” sea level:

surveyors marched inland from the

   coast for thousands of miles, stopping

   at increments of as little as a few feet

   to measure their elevation, and mark-

(10) ing each increment with two poles.

To measure the difference in elevation

between poles, surveyors used an

optical level—a telescope on a level

base—placed halfway between the

(15) poles. They sighted each pole, read-

ing off measurements that were then

used to calculate the change in eleva-

tion over each increment. In sight of

the peaks the used theodolites—

(20) telescopes for measuring vertical and

   horizontal angles—to determine the

   elevation of the summit.

The Chinese, however, made

efforts to correct for the errors that

(25) had plagued the British. One source

of error is refraction, the bending of

light beams as they pass through air

layers of different temperature and

pressure. Because light traveling.

(30) down from a summit passes through

many such layers, a surveyor could

sight a mirage rather than the peak

itself. To reduce refraction errors, the

Chinese team carried in sea level to

(35) within five to twelve miles of Everest’s

    summit, decreasing the amount of air

that light passed through on its way to

their theodolites. The Chinese also

launched weather balloons near their

(40) theodolites to measure atmospheric

temperature and pressure changes

to better estimate refraction errors.

Another hurdle is the peak’s shape.

When surveyors sight the summit.

(45) there is a risk they might not all

measure the same point. In 1975

the Chinese installed the first survey

beacon on Everest, a red reflector

visible through a theodolite for ten

(50) miles, as a reference point. One

more source of error is the uneven-

ness of sea level. The British

assumed that carrying in sea level

would extend an imaginary line from

(55) the shore along Earth’s curve to a

point beneath the Himalaya. In

reality, sea level varies according

to the irregular interior of the planet.

The Chinese used a gravity meter to

correct for local deviations in sea level.

-------------------------------------------------------------

Q32

It can be inferred from the passage that

refraction would be most likely to cause

errors in measurements of a mountain’s

elevation under which of the following

conditions?

A.    When there are local variations in sea

level

B.     When light passes through humid air

C.     When theodolites are used relatively far

from the mountain peak.

D.    When weather balloons indicate low air

temperature and pressure.

E.     When sea level has been carried in to

within five to twelve miles of the summit.

-------------------------------------------------------------

Q33

Which of the following best describes the

purpose of the sentence in lines 23-25

(“The Chinese…the British”)?

A.    Introduce a definition

B.     Signal a transition in focus

C.     Summarize the preceding paragraph

D.    Draw a contrast between two different

theories.

E.     Present information that contradicts the

Preceding paragraph.

----------------------------------------------------

Q34

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a

possible source of error in surveying mountain

elevation?

A.    Mirages

B.     Refraction

C.    Inaccurate instruments

D.    Variations in sea level

E.     Uncertainty about the exact point to be

Measured

---------------------------------------------------

Q35

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.    provide details about improvements to a

process

B.     challenge the assumptions underlying a

new method

C.     criticize the way in which a failed project

was carried out

D.    call for new methods to solve an existing

problem

E.     explain the theory behind a new technique

【版本1】还有一道就是讲smooth production stock model的。就是用来buffer the unexpected increase or decrease in demand .

RC-12 医生malpractice

【版本1】还有就是：第一段：
                    malpractice suit 对检查医生由于ignorance犯的错影响很小。因为it is blunt.紧接着说了两个原因（2道细节题）：一个是只有2% 的病人sue医生的ignorance；Even so，其中也有很少重病的人是真的由ignorance造成的。

   第二段讲了另一种方法。就是医生些自己开会讨论方法解决问题。（这段好像没怎么考到）

RC-13  恐龙，冷血？热血？

一个讲两个科学家D，O关于恐龙是冷血动物还是热血动物的课题，具体是怎么分辨的我记不起来了，D通过一些列的证明说恐龙是热血动物， O然后也做了一些实验，说D的实验结果不正确。考了一个主题题，
                一个O对这个D的学说的破斥题。还有个什么题忘记了。几篇阅读都有主题，

（有一篇GWD原文讲这个主题，但经JJ作者确认不是其遇到的，俺贴在这里，大家做个参考----熟悉熟悉“恐龙”专业词汇吧~~）

GWD-9-Q33-Q36 G-9-Q33-Q36  

Scientists studying the physiology of dinosaurs have long debated whether dinosaurs were warm- or cold-blooded. Those who suspect they were warm-blooded point out that dinosaur bone is generally fibro-lamellar in nature; because fibro-lamellar bone is formed quickly, the bone fibrils, or filaments, are laid down haphazardly. Consistent with their rapid growth rate, warm-blooded animals, such as birds and mammals, tend to produce fibro-lamellar bone, whereas reptiles, which are slow-growing and cold-blooded, generally produce bone in which fibrils are laid down parallel to each other. Moreover, like the bone of birds and mammals, dinosaur bone tends to be highly vascularized, or filled with blood vessels. These characteristics, first recognized in the 1930’s, were documented in the 1960’s by de Ricqlès, who found highly vascularized, fibro-lamellar bone in several groups of dinosaurs. In the 1970’s, Bakker cited these characteristics as evidence for the warm-bloodedness of dinosaurs. Although de Ricqlès urged caution, arguing for an intermediate type of dinosaur physiology, a generation of paleontologists has come to believe that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike. In the 1980’s, however, Bakker’s contention began to be questioned, as a number of scientists found growth rings in the bones of various dinosaurs that are much like those in modern reptiles. Bone growth in reptiles is periodic in nature, producing a series of concentric rings in the bone, not unlike the growth rings of a tree. Recently, Chinsamy investigated the bones of two dinosaurs from the early Jurassic period (208-187 million years ago), and found that these bones also had growth rings; however, they were also partially fibro-lamellar in nature. Chinsamy’s work raises a question central to the debate over dinosaur physiology: did dinosaurs form fibro-lamellar bone because of an innately high metabolic rate associated with warm-bloodedness or because of periods of unusually fast growth that occurred under favorable environmental conditions? (Although modern reptiles generally do not form fibro-lamellar bone, juvenile crocodilesraised under optimal environmental conditions do.) This question remains unanswered; indeed, taking all the evidence into account, one cannot make a definitive statement about dinosaur physiology on the basis of dinosaur bone. It may be that dinosaurs had an intermediate pattern of bone structure because their physiology was neither typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian.

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q33 G-9-Q33:
                    

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was

A.      unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès

B.       unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers

C.      indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time

D.      warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists

E.       influential in the recent work of Chinsamy

----------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q34 G-9-Q34:
                    

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.      discuss the influence on other scientists of Bakker’s argument concerning the warm-bloodedness of dinosaurs

B.       provide evidence that supports the claim that dinosaurs were cold-blooded

C.      challenge the contention that dinosaur bone tissue is innately fibro-lamellar

D.      evaluate the claim that dinosaur bone tissue provides evidence for the warmbloodedness of dinosaurs

E.       resolve the disagreement between de Ricqlès and Bakker over the nature of dinosaur physiology

----------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q35 G-9-Q35:
                    

According to the passage, the discovery of growth rings in the bones of certain dinosaurs served to undermine which of the following claims?

A.      That modern reptiles are related to dinosaurs

B.       That bone growth in dinosaurs was periodic in nature

C.      That dinosaurs were warm-blooded

D.      That dinosaurs had an intermediate type of physiology

E.       That fibro-lamellar bone is the product of a rapid growth rate

----------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q36 G-9-Q36:
                    

The author of the passage mentions bone growth patterns in juvenile crocodiles most likely in order to

A.      provide support for the argument that reptiles are not related to dinosaurs

B.       undermine the claim that most reptiles are slow-growing

C.      offer an explanation as to why juvenile crocodiles differ from most modern reptiles

D.      suggest the juvenile crocodiles have a type of physiology intermediate between-f mammals and that of reptiles

E.       suggest that the presence of fibro-lamellar bone does not resolve the debate over dinosaur physiology

答案：DDCE

RC-14 半合法市场（山寨市场…^ _ ^） (gray market)

【版本1】说gray market存在影响了那些正牌店和制造商的利润, 因为gray market卖的便宜, 类似于网上买化妆品和当代双安买比较吧. 研究却发现这些gray market的存在如果符合两个条件的话反而可以刺激提高正牌店和制造商的利润, 一个是一部分人群对价格更敏感, 另一个是什么来着. 最后得出结论说这些gray market只是吸引那些价格敏感的人, 这些正牌店应该提高服务质量, 吸引那些对价格不敏感的人.

问题里有一个是问根据这个研究, 对那些符合这些条件的市场应该采用怎样的策略, 我选了A, 分两种经销渠道, 一种是便宜实惠的吸引那些价格敏感的人, 另一种走高端路线吸引那些人傻钱多的.

RC-15 纸币与硬币

【版本1】说人们对一块钱的纸币和硬币的价值心理预期不一样,

做了一个实验, 给一部分人一张一美元纸币, 他们估计能买多少东西, 以百分比表示的, 给另一部分人一个一美元硬币让他们估计买同样的东西, 结果那些用纸币的明显觉得手里的钱更值钱, 估计能买的东西比拿硬币的人买的更多.

第三段说同样的还可以解释为什么两美元的纸钱那么少, 因为它看起来不如两张一块的值钱blabla

【版本2】美国人喜欢一美元的纸币甚于同价值的硬币。

RC-16  冰川变迁 （请JJ作者确认：这个是3月JJ吗？）

【版本1】第三个RC就是JJ提到的, 可惜提的太少, 而且我看完文章了才发现是jj, 说一个M的研究人员认为冰川的变迁是由于地球的轨道变化引起来的, 后面说1950年一个人通过研究岩层的放射性画出时间轴推翻了这个M的人的预期, 结果最近有发现1950年做的实验数据有问题, 新的实验正好支持M这个人的预期, 因此他的理论又被接收.

这个题的问题的确比较难, 都是建立在对全文的把握上的. 有一道是问如果1950年的实验数据没问题会怎么样, 我选了就会让人们怀疑M的理论;

RC-17 弦论

【版本1】讲弦论的, 说我们今天生活的宇宙里有很多常数, 例如光速等等, 而这些常数对能够生成复杂物体和有智能的生命是至关重要的. 最近的弦论发现这个问题可以这样解释, 就是说人择原理, 我们恰好生活在一个常数能够产生生命的宇宙里, 才有我们来发现这个问题, 而其他初始条件生成的宇宙都生成不了复杂物体, 也就生成不了智慧生命. 最后说对弦论的进一步refine可能会得出结论就是可能只有我们这样的宇宙才是能够产生的, 我们是the only one. 选项忘了.

RC-18 Food Intolerance (医：对食物、药物等的不耐性)

【版本1】科学方面的是讲Food intolerance，有一个学者说了有些人吃了特定的东西，比如bacon会对他的身体产生副作用，副作用就是吃了bacon会很累很累睡着啦 ---- 有一个博士跟他的同事说他吃bacon会fatigue，他的同事都不相信(skeptical)，有一天就偷偷把bacon放进他的午餐里，果然博士吃完就呼呼大睡(这里有问题，问他的同事们对这博士做出这天理不容的事后，博士的反应是怎样?)-----下面就说不只是博士们，其实连其它普通人也是啊，有一个女的她对植物也无法忍受(这里又有一题，问要是这女的朋友要是跟博士的同事一样无聊，他们会干啥时来整她)-----再下面好象就是怀疑论者怎样怎样不啦不啦（(05/31/2004 曾经考过）

RC-19汽车尾气排放臭氧和HC的解决办法 （有待朋友们补充）

【版本1】汽车尾气排放臭氧和HC的解决办法

RC-20  加大技术投入

【版本1】美国应该如何加大对技术的投入. 两种观点: some....纯粹的加大基础研发的投入is essential和the other contend .....And government .... doomed 作者的观点是要加大MARKET方面的创新, 应该生产市场需要的东西.

RC-21  16世纪科学的进步

【版本1】一篇是讲16世纪科学的进步。It talks the approaches and elements in the development of scientific research in the 16th century.  Then the author mentions that scientific research started as early as the 14th century.  Then the author cites a few detail examples of the 16th century findings.  In the last paragraph, the author mentions that the only thing added to the modern theory is experiment.

RC-22 商店运营模式

【版本1】有一个是说一些商店的运营模式，是以large店的模式，或者是以小店成网络销售的模式。 文章是在说以小店成网络销售的模式好，也可以弥补large店销售的不足

RC-23 某地Architecture

【版本1】第一段：说在一个地区有的architecture和别的很不同，这种不同标志着住在里面的人的status高于他人

   第二段：说怀疑这些建筑根本不是用于household，而是有专门用途所以才不同。可是又各种分析说并不是这样。（其中有一点是说只有男人在这种特殊建筑里比在别的地方聚集的多，但女人就不是，有题）

   第三段：在reject了第二段的假设后，得出结论，确实那些建筑还是家用，但这中建筑不同导致的status不同很特殊，和economic的联系不大（有题）。

RC-24 migration

【版本1】第一段：说一直以来都认为哪哪的migration是有3个源头，这是用linguistic上的方法确定的。但是其实并不准确，因为不同地方的人会因为trade而学会彼此的语言。

   第二段：用检验DNA的方法判断出其实有4个源头。

RC-25 矛盾

【版本1】第一段提出一个什么矛盾来着，然后后两段解决。刚读了其他的JJ也没能回忆起，现在开始头疼了，真是。。。本人阅读差，写的这些异常不确定，期待NN来印证

RC-26 力--机械

【版本1】还碰到一篇巨长的有关机械技术方面的，完全读不懂，什么力在机械生产中的影响

RC-27 EVERY DAY LOW PRICE

【版本1】一个是EDLP（every day low price）,第一段说大部分商家定期打折 怎样怎样，第二段说后来发现这样做不好，不仅increase the cost，而且顾客还怀疑（怀疑什么忘了，貌似原价不公之类的）所以商家就采用EDLP（有题问为什么选EDLP， 我选了顾客怀疑的那个）  后面忘了太对不住了。

RC-28美国前六位总统和之后的总统在一些政策上的差别

【版本1】一道题目是说美国前六位总统和之后的总统在一些政策上的差别的

PREP文章 （感谢Rmm，请JJ作者确认是否是这篇）

In a new book about the antiparty feeling of the early political leaders of the United States, Ralph Ketcham argues that the
first six Presidents differed decisively from later Presidents because the
first six held values inherited from the classical humanist tradition of
eighteenth-century England.
In this view, government was designed not to satisfy the private desires of the people but to make them better citizens; this tradition stressed the
disinterested devotion of political leaders to the public good.  Justice, wisdom, and courage were more important qualities in a leader than the ability to organize voters and win elections. Indeed, leaders were supposed
to be called to office rather than to run for office.  And if they took up the burdens of public office with a sense of duty, leaders also believed that such offices were naturally their due because of their social preeminence or their contributions to the country. Given this classical conception of leadership, it is not surprising that the first six Presidents condemned political parties.  Parties were partial by definition, self-interested, and therefore serving something other than the transcendent public good.

Even during the first presidency (Washington's),
however, the classical conception of virtuous leadership was being undermined
by commercial forces that had been gathering since at least the beginning of
the eighteenth century.  Commerce--its
profit-making, its self-interestedness, its individualism--became the enemy of
these classical ideals.  Although Ketcham
does not picture the struggle in quite this way, he does rightly see Jackson's tenure (the
seventh presidency) as the culmination of the acceptance of party, commerce,
and individualism.  For the Jacksonians,
nonpartisanship lost its relevance, and under the direction of Van Buren, party
gained a new legitimacy.  The classical
ideals of the first six Presidents became identified with a privileged
aristocracy, an aristocracy that had to be overcome in order to allow
competition between opposing political interests.  Ketcham is so strongly committed to
justifying the classical ideals, however, that he underestimates the advantages
of their decline.  For example, the
classical conception of leadership was incompatible with our modern notion of
the freedoms of speech and press, freedoms intimately associated with the
legitimacy of opposing political parties.

Q6.

    p1-rc       Question#29.  148-01  (22595-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-01)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A)describing and comparing two theories about the early history of the United States

 (B)describing and analyzing an argument about the early history of the United States
 (C)discussing new evidence that qualifies a theory about the early history of the United States
 (D)refuting a theory about political leadership in the United States

(E)resolving an ambiguity in an argument about political leadership in the United States
    

Q7.    p1-rc       Question
#30.  148-02  (22641-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-02)

According to the passage, the author and Ketcham agree on which of the following points?

(A)The first six Presidents held the same ideas about political parties as did
later Presidents in the United  States.

(B)Classical ideals supported the growth of commercial forces in the United States.

(C)The first political parties in the United States were formed during Van Buren's term in office.

(D)The first six Presidents placed great emphasis on individualism and civil rights.

(E)Widespread acceptance of political parties occurred during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Q8.    p1-rc       Question
#31.  148-03  (22687-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-03)  

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree
that modern views of the freedoms of speech and press are 

(A)values closely associated with the beliefs of the aristocracy of the early United States

(B)political rights less compatible with democracy and individualism than with
classical ideals

(C)political rights uninfluenced by the formation of opposing political parties

(D)values not inherent in the classical humanist tradition of eighteenth-century England

(E)values whose interpretation would have been agreed on by all United States
Presidents

Q9.    p1-rc       Question
#32.  148-04  (22733-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-04)

Which of the following, if true, provides the LEAST support for the author's argument
about commerce and political parties during Jackson's presidency?

(A)Many supporters of Jackson
resisted the commercialization that could result from participation in a
national economy.

(B)Protest against the corrupt and partisan nature of political parties in the United States subsided during Jackson's presidency.

(C)During Jackson's presidency the use of money became more common than bartering of goods and
services.

(D)More northerners than southerners supported Jackson because southerners were opposed to
the development of a commercial economy.

(E)Andrew Jackson did not feel as strongly committed to the classical ideals of
leadership as George Washington had felt.

Answers: BEDA

RC-29妇女生孩子和受教育程度之间的关系

【版本1】有一道题目说现在妇女生孩子和受教育程度之间的关系

RC-30 Sea Serpent

【版本1】Sea Serpent (3 Paragraphs)

P1.  A travel guide mentioned the existence of sea serpents based on the recent recovery of huge and amorphous organisms from the ocean. However, little was known about the true identity of these organisms.

P2. Recent scientific findings provided unequivocal evidence that these organisms are in fact a type of whale.

P3. Due to the mystery-mongering attitude of writers on this topic, it may take longer for the general public to accept the fact suggested by recent scientific findings.

Q1. Which of the following would the author most likely to agree regarding the travel guide?

--> The travel guide shares the same attitude with some writers on this topic.

Q2. Which of the following would the author most likely to agree regarding the organisms recovered from the ocean?

-->They are huge and have no skeletons or distinctive shapes

RC-31 公司合并之后的策略

【版本1】讲公司合并后的策略。具体单词不记得了，先假设A与B策略吧。
            

第一段，介绍2种策略的使用范围。（这里有题问下列哪种情况应该使用哪种策略）
            

第二段，公司在使用2种策略时出现的问题并如何解决，并举例论证。（这里有问例子如何论证的）
            

RC-32 星星发光

【版本1】宇宙题，
        一颗星星
        发的光从蓝色变成了黄色，所以说他的温度降低了
        他的亮度=温度X半径
        一个增加，另一个必将下降，（后面有题..）. 第二段又有什么紫外线什么的，但人眼看不到
        似乎没题
        没仔细看

RC-33 ANT

【版本1】一篇是讲ant 的nomadic pattern和什么pattern的，没看懂。

RC-34

【版本1】一篇是讲某人MM的理论，关于change in earth‘s orbit影响气候什么的，也没看懂……