开始做LAST纯逻辑题，感到很困难，因为没有思路。不要说看英文，即使看中文，也觉得没有思路。请教以下，有没有好的方法，即怎样的思路与步骤来解题。谢谢！ 如下是一个例题，这样谈起来会方便一些： The proposal to extend clinical trials, which are routinely used as systematic tests of pharmaceutical innovations, to new surgical procedures should not be implemented. The point is that surgical procedures differ in one important respect from medicinal drugs: a correctly prescribed drug depends for its effectiveness only on the drug's composition, whereas the effectiveness of even the most appropriate surgical procedure is transparently related to the skills of the surgeon who uses it. The reasing is the argument is flawed because the argument (A)does not consider that new surgical procedures might be found to be intrinsically more harmful than the best treatment previously available. (B) ignores the possibility that the challenged proposal is deliberately crude in a way designed to elicit criticism to be used in refining the proposal. (C) assumes that a surgeon's skills remain unchanged throughout the surgeon's professional life. (D) describes a dissimilarity without citing any scientific evidence for the existence of that dissimilarity. (E) rejects a proposal presumably advanced in good faith without acknowledging any such good faith.
Sorry sent the mail by mistake. Let me explain my problem: 因为药和手术存在着不同,药的疗效依赖于成分,手术依赖于人的技术, 所以把临床试验应用于外科手术的建议是不可取的. 突然有点明白,是不是说在这种情况下手术也需要在临床上验证.这样一来,A就对了.忽然明白.谢谢!
(A)does not consider that new surgical procedures might be found to be intrinsically more harmful than the best treatment previously available. A是说这个结论没有考虑到新的手术方法(或过程)对病人的伤害可能比从前可能有的最好的治疗方法还要大.而临床验证可以纠正这一点.所以临床试验运用于外科手术是必要的.所以文中的推理有缺陷.同意吗?
a correctly prescribed drug depends for its effectiveness only on the drug's composition, whereas the effectiveness of even the most appropriate surgical procedure is transparently related to the skills of the surgeon who uses it.
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发表于 2003-11-5 22:58:00
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