[讨论]狒狒逻辑的一道题。。-->aeoluseros转移

21. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?

(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.

(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.

(C) Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.

(D) Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease.

(E) Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newton’s.

答案为B

23. On a certain day, nine scheduled flights on Swift Airlines were canceled. Ordinarily, a cancellation is due to mechanical problems with the airplane scheduled for a certain flight. However, since it is unlikely that Swift would have the mechanical problems with more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day, some of the nine cancellations were probably due to something else.

(A) More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine canceled flights.

(B) Swift Airlines has fewer mechanical problems than do other airlines of the same size.

(C) Each of the canceled flights would have been longer than the average flight on Swift Airlines.

(D) Swift Airlines had never before canceled more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day.

(E) All of the airplanes scheduled for the canceled flights are based at the same airport.

还有一道assumption的题，看来这类题还没弄通啊。。。

大家一起看看吧。。

答案为a,说是取非weaken到结论了，反而是support，说明“mechanical problems with more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day“视unlikely发生的，也就支持了可能是其他原因。。。

我觉得结论是：some of the nine cancellations were probably due to something else.

个人觉得d取非，weaken到结论了，说明原文unlikely的部分是可能的，也就削弱了，可能没有其他原因，就是机械故障而以

请各位指出我的分析错误，谢谢了！！！！

咦？真的贴错位置了。。。做题做晕了。。有办法换去对的地方吗？。。。。

这位NN，你能不能讲的细一点。

“B的取非:some->no(ne): No people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.=>All people in Beethoven’s time DID ingest mercury。”

你说的意思是Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury，这句话的取非是No people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury？

我还以为b的取非应该是Some people in Beethoven’s time did ingest mercury咧，（照着墙再擂一下。。哎哟！）

还想再问一下，hypothesis'view 是什么？我有没有分析对？

你要是能随便帮我把下一题也看看，那就太太感谢了！

1. all----not all/some---none/always----not always/sometimes----never/everywhere---not everywhere/somewhere---nowhere/only one, exactly one---none, more than one/at least one, some---none

2.对于选项为条件句，将必要条件取非。

3.直接将谓语肯定变否定

LAYER NN的取非准则

建议LZ不要太执着于取非，这只是一个求证答案的方法，不是挑选答案的好方法，很容易出现逻辑盲点。

如some...not取非的问题。some...do本身就是some...not的另一种说法，而不是反面。举个极端些的例子，世界上只有两种颜色，白色和非白色，有一些东西是白色，当然另外一些是非白色了，如果要否定这个关系，只有一种可能，就是所有东西都是白色。显而易见了，some...do取非是all...do,some..not取非是all...not.

如果要问什么时候才能谓语取非，这个就太难了……具体情况气体分析……

最简单的概括之，一个圆全部都是白色，那么取非它一定非白色，不要再去思考非白色包括什么颜色了，这是我们和西方人思维方式的区别，取非是对我们不利的方式……

额……sorry,当作病例吧

世界上只有两种颜色，白色和非白色，有一些东西是白色，当然另外一些是非白色了，取非应当是排除“有一些东西是白色”的可能，只有所有东西都是非白色才可以……即是some...do...是all...not...（none...do...）……海涵海涵

非常谢谢二位，使我对some..not的取非有了较深的理解。不过想问问我对hypothesis'view 有没有分析对？

hypothesis'vew:  1) venereal disease caused his deafness; 2) mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease

希望多多指教！

还有7楼说“不要太执着于取非，这只是一个求证答案的方法，不是挑选答案的好方法，很容易出现逻辑盲点。”

请问你在做assumption的时候，有什么高招啊？想听一听，看对我有没有启发！

谢谢！

同时请大家帮我看看第二题啊！！