请教LSAT-2-II-5,7

joywzy · 发表于 2003-5-6 17:05:00

7. There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific finding, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientist, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.

Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?

(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.

(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.

(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.

(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.

(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.

答案:A,我是用排除法得的A,可是,若A是

Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years after they are replicated. 就削弱了结论:
It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
可是A说的是before,能削弱吗?
5. A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year, it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our country from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.

Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author’s reasoning?

A) The author cites irrelevant data.

(B) The author relies on incorrect current consumption figures.

(C) The author makes incompatible assumptions.

(D) The author mistakes an effect for a cause.

(E) The author appeals to conscience rather than reason.

答案:C,我看了好几遍,都不知为什么是这个错误,能否讲讲?

谢谢.

jacy · 发表于 2003-5-6 18:25:00

以下是引用joywzy在2003-5-6 17:05:00的发言：

5. A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year, it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our country from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.

Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author’s reasoning?

A) The author cites irrelevant data.

(B) The author relies on incorrect current consumption figures.

(C) The author makes incompatible assumptions.

(D) The author mistakes an effect for a cause.

(E) The author appeals to conscience rather than reason.

答案:C,我看了好几遍,都不知为什么是这个错误,能否讲讲?

谢谢.

这道题，我是这样想的。
前面一部分，有一内涵的假设：当消费量提高时才会提高税收收入，从而弥补财政赤子。
后面一部分，又有一内涵的假设：但消费量减少时才会有利于生态保护。
这两个假设是矛盾的。
所有C正确。

mindfree · 发表于 2003-5-7 03:00:00

1. 做题不能只看一个字啊, 要理解整个句子的意思. 原文认为works of scientists发表后其他的scientists会重复实验进而验证,从而使得poor works被rendered harmless. A的意思削弱了原文的论证, 认为很多实验在发表后很多年都不会有人去重复验证, 否定了原文的论据,说明可能cause harm. 你要想用after, 就改成Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years after they are published. 你改后的A不对. replication本身就是challenge的一步.

2. 两者矛盾. 涨价1分,增加收入10亿,推出涨价50分增收500亿万(结论本身就有问题, 供求有弹性的--elasticity, 按这个逻辑,涨价100块钱要增收1万亿了);然后又说涨价后需求减少(注意,前一个结论的前提是涨价和增收成正比,需求不变才可以达到500亿),有益于环境保护.

所以前后两个是矛盾的.

joywzy · 发表于 2003-5-7 19:33:00

第一题中，A的确切意思：

Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated
科学实验在被重复实验之前，多年来没有人来 TIAO战。

是不是这个意思？

A的确切意思是：很多实验在发表后很多年都不会有人去重复验证吗？

可能还是我的阅读问题。其它都已理解。谢谢MINDFREE。

mindfree · 发表于 2003-5-7 20:35:00

是这个意思. challenge可以被理解为质疑(意译)

以下是引用joywzy在2003-5-7 19:33:00的发言：

A的确切意思是：很多实验在发表后很多年都不会有人去重复验证吗？

请教LSAT-2-II-5,7

请教LSAT-2-II-5,7

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