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在网上找了一个关于African Americans 的,希望对理解阅读有帮助：
African Americans generally are persons living in the western
hemisphere who are descendants of Africans, especially black Africans.
African immigration to the Americas may have begun before European
exploration of the region. Blacks sailed with Christopher Columbus even
on his first voyage in 1492, and the earliest Spanish and Portuguese
explorers were likewise accompanied by blacksAfricans who had been born
and reared in Iberia. In the following four centuries millions of
immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa were brought to the New World as
slaves. Today, their descendants form major ethnic minorities in the
U.S. and several Latin American countries, and they are the dominant
element in many Caribbean nations. Over the centuries, African
Americans have contributed to the cultural mix of their respective
societies and thus exerted a profound influence on all facets of life
in the western hemisphere.
The term African American is
especially used to refer to blacks living in North America. Other terms
are sometimes used to refer to African Americans from a particular
locality, such as Afro-Brazilian or Afro-Jamaican.
The declining
effectiveness of the radicals gave more moderate black leaders a chance
to reassert themselves, although they, too, often adopted elements of
the black consciousness rhetoric. Thus, during the 1970s public
attention was increasingly directed toward leaders reflecting a variety
of strategies that did not threaten the American social order. Thurgood Marshall, the first black appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court, symbolized the possibilities for working within the political system. The executive director of the Urban League, Whitney M. Young, Jr., transformed his organization into an important social welfare institution. The formation of the Congressional Black Caucusprovided
black U.S. representatives with the means to determine priorities of
racial reform. The National Black Political Convention, held in 1972 in
Gary, Ind., was attended by 8000 delegates and marked an effort to
broaden black participation in discussions of political alternatives.
In that year Representative Shirley Chisholm,
a Democrat from New York, became the first black woman to run (albeit
unsuccessfully) for the presidential nomination of a major party.
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发表于 2008-5-11 00:01:00
