4.3 北美机经

 陆陆续续复习了两周。M49 V 32 T670，成绩够用就好，我的要求不高。

作文

aa: blastcom这个公司，以前是做mining technology的，由于利润下降，股票下跌，作者建议公司改向做renewable technology.

AI:保护环境的责任在个人不再政府

数学

不记得了，有5，6道机经吧。

Verbal

我觉得我可能是低分库了，阅读三篇短，一篇长。

长的就是梦的研究那一片

FREUD觉得梦是unconcious的体现。后来科技发展，人们发现了梦其实只在睡眠的REM( RAPID EYE MOVEMENT)时期发生

二段是说两个科学家发现梦是FOREBRAIN向。。发射neuron产生的，是无意义的

三段又是两个科学家，他们发现发射的那些NEURON是用来erase false memory的

分析FREuD和其他人的区别

最后一段说新发现， FOREBRAIN process的那些信息是由规律的，从而使三段那两个科学家的研究有了局限（这里有题）

短文章其中一篇是猴子的postconflict behavior的研究

先说两只猴子在conflict之后，就会相互表示友好（huddle）什么的。 但是这些研究是由局限的，因为都是在一个group里面的猴子，而且

猴子都被关在一起

一个科学家研究一种野外的猴子，发现他们在conflict之后，会避免接触，表示友好的频率低。猴子用AVOIDANCE而不是用表示友好的方式来缓和冲突

最后说，虽然以前的研究有局限性，但是也是很有意义的。科学家们可以知道在不同的环境下，猴子是怎么behave的。

短文章还有两篇是grey market和municipal government reduce greenhouse emmission的。

哇，沙发哦．．．．．

感谢楼主分享．呵呵．我也希望能考到楼主的分数．．．．．．

祝楼主申请顺利．．．

Does this article have any connection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream

In 1953 Eugene Aserinsky discovered REM sleep while working in the surgery of his PhD advisor. Aserinsky noticed that the sleepers' eyes fluttered beneath their closed eyelids, later using a polygraph machine to record their brain waves during these periods. In one session he awakened a subject who was crying out during REM and confirmed his suspicion that dreaming was occurring.^[5] In 1953 Aserinsky and his advisor published the ground-breaking study in Science.^[6]

In 1976, J. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley proposed a new theory that changed dream research, challenging the previously held Freudian view of dreams as subconscious wishes to be interpreted. The activation synthesis theory asserts that the sensory experiences are fabricated by the cortex as a means of interpreting chaotic signals from the pons. They propose that in REM sleep, the ascending cholinergic PGO (ponto-geniculo-occipital) waves stimulate higher midbrain and forebrain cortical structures, producing rapid eye movements. The activated forebrain then synthesizes the dream out of this internally generated information. They assume that the same structures that induce REM sleep also generate sensory information.

Hobson and McCarly's 1976 research suggested that the signals interpreted as dreams originated in the brain stem during REM sleep. However, research by Mark Solms suggests that dreams are generated in the
        forebrain, and that REM sleep and dreaming are not directly related.^[7] While working in the neurosurgery department at hospitals in Johannesburg and London, Solms had access to patients with various brain injuries. He began to question patients about their dreams and confirmed that patients with damage to the parietal lobe stopped dreaming; this finding was in line with Hobson's 1977 theory. However, Solms did not encounter cases of loss of dreaming with patients having brain stem damage. This observation forced him to question Hobson's prevailing theory which marked the brain stem as the source of the signals interpreted as dreams. Solms viewed the idea of dreaming as a function of many complex brain structures as validating Freudian dream theory, an idea that drew criticism from Hobson.^[8]

對这两个人就是第二段里面提到的两个人。

晕死，这样你都能找出来．

谢谢ＬＺ分享．

恭喜

太强了啦

恭喜LZ，也希望考到LZ的分数，

GavinDing---N