大全-d-4

4.     In 1981, for the first time in over two decades, the average scores of high school students on standardized math and English tests did not decline. During the same year, millions of American students enjoyed their first exposure to the new world of the microcomputer, whether in schools, video arcades, or other settings. The conclusion is clear: far from stultifying the intellectual capacities of students, exposure to computers can actually enhance them.

The most serious weakness of the argument above is its failure to

(A) discuss the underlying causes of the twenty-year decline in students’ test scores

(B) cite specific figures documenting the increases in test scores

(C) distinguish among the various types of computer being used by high school students

(D) define the intellectual capacities tested by the standardized math and English tests referred to（E）

(E) explain exactly how high school students’ abilities on math and English tests could have been enhanced by exposure to computers

e的意思不大懂，d为什么不对呢，开始讲的是english and math成绩没下降，后面的结论却是计算机加强智力。有gap啊

请指教

我也是选D，因为原文的推理不需要准确的（EXACTLY）解释提高多少，这不是原文推理的错误。所以我不同意E。

The conclusion is clear: far from stultifying the intellectual capacities of students, exposure to computers can actually enhance them.

同意E

(E) 題目當中沒明確說明explore to computers 會如何幫助high school students imporve their abilities on math and english test

前提：1。二十年来，第一次学生的数学和英语分数没有下降（说明过去一直是下降的）

          2。同时期大量学生exposure to computers

结论：exposure to computers 加强intellectual capacities

该推理存在几个明显缺陷：

1。不是其他原因导致分数第一次没下降

2。不是其他原因导致这两个现象

3。不是第一次没下降导致exposure to computers （如其他原因导致第一次没下降，然后它又导致exposure to computers ）

4。分数高反映了intellectual capacities

D就是4个。没有E的份。其实原文只需要exposure to computers 确实提高了分数（没有下降）就可以，至于准确提高多少，不需知道。结论又没说准确提高多少。

(E) explain exactly how high school students’ abilities on math and English tests could have been enhanced by exposure to computers

e中所说的how....在文中并没提过，也就是说文中只是把两个现象并列而已，就得出结论，并没有解释计算机是怎样加强学生能力的。文中没有的东西是不能算成它的错误的。

而且选e的朋友并没说d为什么是错的。

呵呵，文中没有的东西是不能算它错误的？

来个例子吧，昨天天气好，我的球队赢了，所以一定是天气好所以我的球队才赢了。

这个逻辑的问题估计你可以看得出，那文章的错误是不是可以看出了呢？

那么，d指出了math and english 和 intellectual capacties 之间的gap,有什么错吗？

e中的exactly 是有问题的。

In 1981, for the first time in over two decades, the average scores of high school students on standardized math and English tests did not decline. During the same year, millions of American students enjoyed their first exposure to the new world of the microcomputer, whether in schools, video arcades, or other settings. The conclusion is clear: far from stultifying the intellectual capacities of students, exposure to computers can actually enhance them.

Fact 1: for the first time in over two decades, the average scores of high school students on standardized math and English tests did not decline;

Fact 2: during the same year, millions of American students enjoyed their first exposure to the new world of the microcomputer;

Assumption1: average scores of tests reveal the intellectual capacities of students;

Conclusion: exposure to computers can actually enhance the intellectual capacities of students

There is no relationship between Fact 2 and the Conclusion, making the conclusion rediculous. The reason is one more assumption is missed out:

Assumption 2: exposure to computers could improve students’ abilities on math and English tests;  

With this assumption a bridge can be set up between 'exposure to computers' and 'enhance the intellectual capacities of students'

'E' is the only one that points out this mistake, so the answer should be E.