OG 111题 有结果了！

Passage 18

When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year

battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the

largest private employer of Black people in the United

(5) States and the company that controlled the railroad

industry’s sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the

Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a

major corporation. Randolph’s efforts in the battle helped

transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and

(10) toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually,

Randolph helped to weaken organized labor’s antagonism

toward Black workers.

In the Pullman contest，Randolph faced formidable

obstacles. The first was Black workers’ understandable

( 15) skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred

Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle

was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which

weakened support among Black workers for an

independent entity.

(20) The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages,

however, including Randolph’s own tactical abilities. In

1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against

Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black

leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black

(25)worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as

wage earner. In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided

the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the

country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities;

their segregated life protected the union’s internal

(30) communications from interception. That the porters were a

homogeneous group working for a single employer with

single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from

city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encour-

aged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only

(35) in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a

company from maintaining its own unions with company

money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become

recognized as the porters’ representative.

Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the

(40)Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where

it became the equal of the Federation’s 105 other unions.

He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood

would be in a better position to exert pressure on member

unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restrictions

were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944.

111. The passage suggests that in the 1920’s a company in the United States was able to

(A)   use its own funds to set up a union

(B)   require its employees to join the company’s own union

(C)   develop a single labor policy for all its employees with little employee dissent.

(D)  pressure its employees to contribute money to maintain the company’s own union (A)

(E)   use its resources to prevent the passage of federal legislation that would have facilitated the formation of independent unions.

首先，稀里糊涂取非，这到题很容易拿到正确答案。

困难的是，如果更着重的看意思和结构，有不少考有回疑问（我从讨论链接中看到）：

But it was only in the early 1930’s 只能说明  legislation ...allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized ... ；但不能说明
             legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money 也发生在 only in the early 1930’s 的时候；OG答案A 却清晰说明，legislation prohibiting ...这件事也只发生在 only in the early 1930’s 。

OG是没错的，这个题上，我确定，解释在于：

1）  看意思，it was only (35) in the early 1930’s that …之后两件事，一件，法律不让企业自己花钱搞union了；第二件，法律允许brotherhood 成为认可组织；

2）  关键在于，这两件事是一回事；

3）  为什呢？二段已经说清楚，brotherhood的两个阻力之一是“公司搞自己的union”，it was only (35) in the early 1930’s that …后面的内容说简单了就是“法律不让公司自己搞了，brotherhood就有机会被认可了”；

4）  But怎么理解?

But作为转折词，引出的内容有两种可能：（1）和前面完全相反，比如，对brotherhood不利的一面；（2）在某方面的程度比前面的弱，比如，有利的因素不像前的有利因素那么有利。

这里but的作用是第二个，简单讲，but前讲的都是对brotherhood有利的一面，but后面讲的也是一个有利因素（法律使得brotherhood被认可了），但不是那么有利（到30年代初期才被认可，太晚了）。

结论，临场有这样好的对意思的把握能力的人，比例上讲还是少的，（CD高人太多，所只能说是比例上少应），所以，这里的一堆话对应试都是废话。只是作为和考友们交流吧，免得后来者走我们走过的弯路。