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之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
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1.CR
Company WC is a traditional toy horse manufacturer, selling 8,000 units annually. Company WE sells fewer traditional toy horses, approximately 3,000 units per year. However, WE has recently developed a modern toy horse and sells 5,000 units of this new product annually, while still maintaining sales of 3,000 traditional toy horses. Despite this, WE's efforts have not significantly impacted WC's market share.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument that WE's modern toy horse sales will cause a decline in WC's sales?
(A) WE focuses on selling its modern toy horses exclusively in foreign markets, while WC targets the domestic market.
(B) The modern toy horse developed by WE is more expensive than the traditional toy horses sold by both companies.
(C) WC has plans to develop its own line of modern toy horses to compete with WE's new product.
(D) The demand for traditional toy horses has been steadily declining over the past few years.
(E) WE's modern toy horse has received positive reviews from customers and industry experts.
In the era of silent films, classical music was often used as a soundtrack to enhance the emotional impact of the movies. This trend has continued to the present day, even in films with dialogue and sound effects. Although people's musical tastes have changed over time, it is argued that classical music remains the best choice for interpreting and enhancing the emotional content of films.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) In the silent film era, the distinction between classical and popular music was not as clear as it is today.
(B) During the silent film era, producers could only suggest which music should accompany a film, but could not mandate it.
(C) Modern films often incorporate a mix of classical music and contemporary popular music in their soundtracks.
(D) Some contemporary films have achieved great success using only popular music in their soundtracks.
(E) The emotional impact of a film is primarily determined by the acting, dialogue, and visual elements, rather than the soundtrack.
答案:
AD
2.RC
From the foregoing discussion, it is apparent that porphyry copper deposits came into being as a result of special geological conditions. Much evidence has now been accumulated that leads us to suspect that the deposits were formed as lay-products of volcanic activity where deep-seated magma bodies had suitable compositions and properties and where crustal characteristics permitted those bodies to rise rapidly to shallower levels. The evidence is indirect, and hence inconclusive, however, because the volcanic structures that may once have existed above the deposits would have been topographically and compositionally unstable and thus would have been removed rapidly by weathering, and because a large percentage of known deposits are now exposed as a result of millions or tens of millions of years of erosion.
Nevertheless, a volcanic origin for many porphyry copper deposits is consistent with the following facts. First, by far the greatest number of deposits are of Mesozoic age or younger—less about 230 million years old—and are located in either the “ring of fire,“ the belt of volcanoes and volcanic rocks that encircles the Pacific Ocean, or the “Tethyan” belt, the east-west band of volcanic rocks and mountains that extends throughout the southern Soviet Union and into the Middle East (Fig. 5). The association of the deposits with volcanic rocks and the style of occurrence are much the same in both regions. Moreover, both these parts of the world are currently the sites of much earthquake activity and volcanism, which are believed to be manifestations of the same sorts of events as are known to have occurred in or near these regions ever since about 230 million years ago.
Second, although most of the rocks that existed at the time the ore was formed have been removed by erosion. there are a few deposits where remnants of volcanic rocks about the same-age as the porphyries (up to 200 million years old) are found, and where porphyries containing copper deposits are present as intrusions in the volcanic rocks (Fig. 6). This coincidence of porphyries and volcanic rocks in both time and space is strong evidence for a volcanic origin for the deposits.
Third, the theory of the origin of porphyritic textures described previously involves two stages of cooling: an early stage, during which crystals of silicate minerals started to form, and a late stage, in which the residual magma was quenched to form a fine-grained matrix. The late stage of cooling was thought to be the result of magma rising rapidly to the cooler environment of the shallow crust. According to the volcanic genesis theory, the porphyry intrusions, which have compositions similar to those of many volcanic rocks, formed when magma rose rapidly toward the earth’s surface through the core of a volcano.
Fourth, a large percentage of porphyry copper deposits contain bodies of breech—angular fragments of rock, which, in some instances, are cemented with fine crystalline volcanic-like rock or with rock “flour" derived from the mutual abrasion of porphyry fragments (Fig. 2). Such bodies are commonly irregular, essentially vertical columns, or “pipes,” with round or elliptical cross sections; less commonly, they assume a tabular form, such as that of a vertical sheet, or “dike.” The transportation and pulverization of rocks in breccias, as well as the geometry of the breccia bodies, suggest that there may have been an opening to the surface at the time that they formed. Moreover, breccias that look like these are present in active volcanic systems, where openings clearly exist.
Fifth, the distribution of deposits in well-explored regions of the Pacific rim shows tendencies toward clustering, as in southwest North America. where clusters occur in areas about 30 km by 30km (Fig. 7), and toward formation along lines on the earth's surface, as in the Andes. Volcanoes show similar tendencies to cluster or form along lines. This similarity in distribution of volcanic centers and porphyry ore deposits is not in itself compelling evidence for an association, but taken together with the other pieces of evidence, it strengthens the case.
The inferred link between circum-Pacific volcanism and the formation of porphyry ore deposits is extremely important, because it establishes a rational basis for searching for such deposits. Moreover, the high success rate—the discovery of more than a hundred new deposits—over the past two decades of searching premised in part on the assumption that the theory is correct attests in some measure to its validity.
1. The passage implies that the removal of volcanic structures above porphyry copper deposits is primarily due to
(A) the rapid weathering of topographically and compositionally unstable structures.
(B) the erosion that exposed a large percentage of known deposits over millions of years.
(C) the volcanic activity that formed the porphyry copper deposits.
(D) the deep-seated magma bodies with suitable compositions and properties.
(E) the crustal characteristics that permitted magma bodies to rise rapidly to shallower levels.
2. The author's assertion that "a volcanic origin for many porphyry copper deposits is consistent with" several facts serves to
(A) provide conclusive evidence for the volcanic genesis theory.
(B) present counterarguments to the volcanic genesis theory.
(C) suggest that the volcanic genesis theory is one of many plausible explanations.
(D) demonstrate that the evidence supporting the volcanic genesis theory is indirect.
(E) emphasize the importance of the volcanic genesis theory in guiding exploration efforts.
3. The passage suggests that the two-stage cooling theory of porphyritic textures is
(A) inconsistent with the volcanic genesis theory of porphyry copper deposits.
(B) the primary evidence for the volcanic origin of porphyry copper deposits.
(C) not applicable to the formation of porphyry copper deposits.
(D) supported by the volcanic genesis theory of porphyry copper deposits.
(E) the only explanation for the formation of porphyritic textures in porphyry copper deposits.
4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence supporting the volcanic genesis theory of porphyry copper deposits?
(A) The association of deposits with volcanic rocks and the style of occurrence in the "ring of fire" and "Tethyan" belt.
(B) The presence of porphyries containing copper deposits as intrusions in volcanic rocks of similar age.
(C) The transportation and pulverization of rocks in breccias, suggesting an opening to the surface.
(D) The tendency of deposits to cluster or form along lines, similar to the distribution of volcanoes.
(E) The chemical composition of the magma bodies that give rise to porphyry copper deposits.
5. The passage implies that the validity of the volcanic genesis theory is supported by
(A) the removal of volcanic structures above porphyry copper deposits by weathering and erosion.
(B) the lack of direct evidence linking porphyry copper deposits to volcanic activity.
(C) the high success rate of discovering new deposits based on the assumption that the theory is correct.
(D) the presence of porphyry copper deposits exclusively in regions with active volcanism and earthquake activity.
(E) the ability of the theory to explain the formation of all known porphyry copper deposits.
6. The author's statement that "the evidence is indirect, and hence inconclusive" suggests that
(A) the volcanic genesis theory is not supported by any evidence.
(B) the evidence supporting the volcanic genesis theory is strong and irrefutable.
(C) the volcanic genesis theory cannot be proven conclusively due to the lack of direct evidence.
(D) the evidence supporting the volcanic genesis theory is primarily based on the distribution of deposits.
(E) the volcanic genesis theory is one of many equally supported explanations for the formation of porphyry copper deposits.
7. The passage suggests that the exploration efforts premised on the volcanic genesis theory have been
(A) unsuccessful due to the lack of direct evidence supporting the theory.
(B) highly successful, with the discovery of more than a hundred new deposits.
(C) focused primarily on the southern Soviet Union and the Middle East.
(D) hindered by the removal of volcanic structures above porphyry copper deposits.
(E) based on the assumption that all porphyry copper deposits are of Mesozoic age or younger.
8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the formation of porphyry copper deposits?
(A) They are formed exclusively in regions with active volcanism and earthquake activity.
(B) They are formed when magma rises slowly toward the earth's surface, allowing for gradual cooling.
(C) They are formed independently of the crustal characteristics of the region.
(D) They are formed as a result of the rapid removal of volcanic structures by weathering and erosion.
(E) They are formed when deep-seated magma bodies have suitable compositions and properties and crustal characteristics permit rapid rise to shallower levels.
BDDECCBE
3.DI
Fragonard, a renowned French perfume house with a rich history spanning nearly a century, has been captivating the hearts and senses of fragrance enthusiasts worldwide with its exquisite and luxurious scents. Founded in 1926 by Eugène Fuchs, the brand was named after the famous French painter Jean-Honoré Fragonard, known for his romantic and whimsical artwork. Fragonard's legacy of crafting high-quality perfumes has earned it a reputation for excellence and innovation in the global fragrance industry. However, in recent years, the brand has been grappling with a multitude of challenges that have threatened its position in the highly competitive luxury perfume market.
The advent of niche perfume brands, with their focus on unique and unconventional scents, has led to a gradual shift in consumer preferences. Many fragrance enthusiasts are now seeking out more exclusive and personalized experiences, moving away from the traditional luxury perfume houses. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of clean and sustainable fragrances, made with natural and eco-friendly ingredients, has put pressure on brands like Fragonard to adapt to these evolving trends. Consumers are becoming more conscious of the environmental impact of their purchases and are demanding greater transparency and sustainability from the brands they support.
The volatile economic conditions, exacerbated by the global financial crisis and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic, have also significantly impacted consumer spending habits and priorities. Luxury items, such as high-end perfumes, have often been the first to face cuts in discretionary spending during times of economic uncertainty. Moreover, the temporary closure of brick-and-mortar stores and the cancellation of in-person events due to lockdown measures have further challenged the traditional sales and marketing strategies of luxury perfume brands.
In an effort to adapt to these changing market dynamics and consumer preferences, Fragonard has been investing heavily in research and development to create innovative fragrances that cater to the evolving needs and desires of its customers. The brand has been exploring the use of sustainable and ethically-sourced ingredients, as well as collaborating with renowned perfumers to develop unique and captivating scent compositions. Fragonard has also been focusing on expanding its digital presence, leveraging e-commerce platforms and social media to reach a wider audience and engage with its customers on a more personal level.
One of the key initiatives undertaken by Fragonard in recent years has been the launch of its "Fragonard Privé" collection, a range of exclusive and limited-edition fragrances that showcase the brand's expertise and creativity. These scents are carefully crafted using rare and precious ingredients, and are presented in elegant, hand-crafted bottles that reflect the brand's commitment to luxury and refinement. The Fragonard Privé collection has been well-received by fragrance connoisseurs and has helped the brand to maintain its position as a leader in the luxury perfume market.
Despite these efforts, Fragonard faces intense competition from both established luxury perfume houses and emerging niche brands. The fragrance industry is known for its fast-paced and ever-changing nature, with new brands and scents constantly vying for consumer attention. To stay relevant and competitive, Fragonard must continue to innovate and adapt, while also staying true to its core values and heritage.
One of the key challenges faced by Fragonard is the need to appeal to a younger generation of consumers, who may not have the same emotional attachment to traditional luxury brands. These consumers are often more experimental and open to trying new and unconventional scents, and are less likely to be swayed by the prestige and history of a brand alone. To capture the attention of this demographic, Fragonard has been collaborating with young and emerging artists and influencers, as well as exploring new and innovative marketing strategies, such as interactive pop-up experiences and virtual reality campaigns.
Another challenge faced by Fragonard is the need to navigate the complex and ever-changing regulatory landscape of the fragrance industry. With increasing concerns over the safety and environmental impact of certain ingredients, brands must be vigilant in ensuring that their products meet the latest standards and regulations. Fragonard has been proactive in this regard, investing in research and development to identify safer and more sustainable alternatives to traditional ingredients, and working closely with regulatory bodies to ensure compliance.
Despite the many challenges faced by Fragonard and the luxury perfume industry as a whole, there are also significant opportunities for growth and innovation. The rise of e-commerce and digital marketing has opened up new avenues for brands to reach and engage with consumers, while the increasing demand for personalized and experiential products has created new possibilities for customization and co-creation. By embracing these opportunities and adapting to the changing landscape of the fragrance industry, Fragonard has the potential to not only survive but thrive in the years to come. The brand's rich heritage, expertise, and commitment to excellence provide a strong foundation upon which to build and innovate.
One potential avenue for growth is the expansion of Fragonard's product line beyond traditional perfumes. The brand could explore the development of complementary products, such as scented candles, body lotions, and home fragrances, which would allow customers to experience the brand's signature scents in new and diverse ways. This diversification could also help to mitigate the impact of economic downturns on the brand's core perfume business.
Another opportunity for Fragonard lies in the realm of experiential marketing and customer engagement. By creating immersive and memorable experiences, such as perfume-making workshops, guided fragrance journeys, and exclusive events, the brand could foster a deeper emotional connection with its customers and create a sense of community around its products. These experiences could also serve as a platform for educating customers about the art and science of perfumery, and the unique story and heritage of the Fragonard brand.
In addition to these initiatives, Fragonard could also explore partnerships and collaborations with other luxury brands and industries. By aligning itself with complementary brands in the fashion, beauty, and lifestyle sectors, Fragonard could tap into new customer bases and create unique and compelling product offerings. Such collaborations could also help to reinforce the brand's position as a leader in the luxury market and provide opportunities for cross-promotion and exposure.
Ultimately, the key to Fragonard's success in the face of the challenges and opportunities presented by the evolving fragrance industry will lie in its ability to strike a balance between tradition and innovation. By staying true to its core values and heritage, while also embracing new technologies, trends, and customer preferences, Fragonard can chart a course towards a prosperous and sustainable future.
This will require a deep understanding of the needs and desires of its customers, as well as a willingness to take calculated risks and experiment with new ideas and approaches. It will also require a commitment to excellence in all aspects of the business, from product development and manufacturing to marketing and customer service.
In conclusion, while the challenges faced by Fragonard and the luxury perfume industry are significant, so too are the opportunities for growth and innovation. By embracing change, staying true to its core values, and putting the customer at the heart of everything it does, Fragonard has the potential to not only weather the storm but emerge stronger and more successful than ever before. The brand's legacy of crafting exquisite and luxurious fragrances, combined with its commitment to adapting to the changing landscape of the industry, positions it well for a bright and prosperous future.
As Fragonard continues to navigate the complexities and uncertainties of the fragrance industry, it will be important for the brand to remain agile, responsive, and open to new ideas and perspectives. This may involve investing in new technologies and platforms, forging new partnerships and collaborations, and exploring new markets and customer segments. It will also require a deep commitment to sustainability, transparency, and social responsibility, as consumers increasingly demand brands that align with their values and priorities.
By embracing these challenges and opportunities with creativity, passion, and a steadfast commitment to excellence, Fragonard can continue to inspire and delight fragrance enthusiasts around the world for generations to come. The brand's timeless elegance, unwavering dedication to quality, and ability to evolve and innovate in the face of change will undoubtedly secure its position as a true icon of the luxury perfume industry.
In the end, the story of Fragonard is one of resilience, adaptability, and an unwavering passion for the art of perfumery. It is a testament to the enduring power of beauty, creativity, and craftsmanship, and a reminder of the importance of preserving and celebrating the rich heritage and traditions of the fragrance industry. As Fragonard continues to write its next chapter, it is poised to leave an indelible mark on the world of luxury perfume, and to inspire and captivate fragrance lovers for many years to come.
As Fragonard embarks on this new chapter, it is essential for the brand to remain focused on its core mission and values, while also being open to new ideas and perspectives. This may involve engaging in ongoing market research and consumer insights to stay attuned to the evolving needs and preferences of its customers, as well as investing in research and development to drive innovation and push the boundaries of what is possible in the world of fragrance.
One potential area of focus for Fragonard could be the exploration of new and exotic ingredients, sourced from sustainable and ethical suppliers around the world. By incorporating these unique and rare elements into its fragrances, Fragonard could create truly distinctive and memorable scents that capture the imagination and transport the wearer to far-off lands and adventures.
Another avenue for growth and innovation could be the development of bespoke and personalized fragrance experiences, tailored to the individual preferences and desires of each customer. By leveraging advances in technology and data analytics, Fragonard could create customized scent profiles and recommendations, allowing customers to discover their perfect fragrance match and forge a deeper, more intimate connection with the brand.
In addition to these product-focused initiatives, Fragonard could also explore new and innovative ways to engage and connect with its customers, both online and offline. This could involve the creation of immersive and interactive digital experiences, such as virtual fragrance journeys and online scent libraries, as well as the development of exclusive and experiential retail concepts, such as pop-up shops and fragrance bars.
Ultimately, the success of Fragonard in this new era will depend on its ability to balance tradition and innovation, craftsmanship and creativity, and authenticity and adaptability. By staying true to its roots and heritage, while also embracing change and new opportunities, Fragonard can continue to captivate and inspire fragrance enthusiasts around the world, and cement its position as a true leader and visionary in the luxury perfume industry.
As Fragonard navigates this exciting and challenging new landscape, it will be important for the brand to remain focused on its ultimate goal: to create fragrances that not only smell exquisite but also evoke emotion, tell stories, and transport the wearer to another time and place. Whether it is through the use of rare and precious ingredients, the creation of bespoke and personalized scents, or the development of immersive and engaging experiences, Fragonard has the potential to redefine the art of perfumery and set a new standard for excellence and innovation in the industry.
In the end, the future of Fragonard is one of limitless possibility and potential. With its rich heritage, unparalleled expertise, and unwavering commitment to beauty and craftsmanship, the brand is poised to continue its legacy of creating some of the world's most sought-after and beloved fragrances. As it embarks on this new chapter, Fragonard will undoubtedly continue to inspire, delight, and captivate fragrance lovers for generations to come, cementing its place as a true icon of the luxury perfume world.
1. Which of the following best describes Fragonard's approach to navigating the challenges and opportunities of the evolving fragrance industry?
(A) Focusing solely on traditional perfumery techniques and ingredients
(B) Abandoning its heritage and fully embracing modern trends and technologies
(C) Striking a balance between tradition and innovation, craftsmanship and creativity
(D) Prioritizing short-term profits over long-term sustainability and growth
(E) Ignoring the changing preferences and needs of its customers
2. According to the passage, what is one potential area of focus for Fragonard as it seeks to innovate and grow?
(A) Reducing the quality of its ingredients to cut costs and increase profitability
(B) Exploring new and exotic ingredients sourced from sustainable and ethical suppliers
(C) Discontinuing its signature scents in favor of entirely new and unfamiliar fragrances
(D) Shifting its focus away from perfumery and towards other luxury product categories
(E) Limiting its customer base to a small, elite group of fragrance enthusiasts
3. The passage suggests that the development of bespoke and personalized fragrance experiences could be achieved through:
(A) The use of artificial intelligence to create fragrances without human input
(B) The elimination of customer feedback and preferences from the fragrance development process
(C) Leveraging advances in technology and data analytics to create customized scent profiles
(D) Focusing exclusively on creating fragrances for celebrities and influencers
(E) Outsourcing the fragrance creation process to third-party manufacturers
4. Which of the following best describes Fragonard's ultimate goal, as mentioned in the passage?
(A) To maximize profits and dominate the luxury perfume market at any cost
(B) To create fragrances that smell exquisite, evoke emotion, tell stories, and transport the wearer
(C) To completely revolutionize the fragrance industry by abandoning traditional practices
(D) To cater exclusively to the preferences of younger generations and emerging markets
(E) To prioritize the use of synthetic ingredients over natural and sustainable sources
5. The passage implies that Fragonard's success in the future will depend on its ability to:
(A) Maintain a static and unchanging approach to perfumery, resisting all forms of innovation
(B) Prioritize short-term gains and trends over long-term sustainability and growth
(C) Operate independently, without collaborating or partnering with other brands or industries
(D) Focus solely on the creation of products, neglecting the importance of customer engagement and experiences
(E) Balance tradition and innovation, craftsmanship and creativity, and authenticity and adaptability
6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential avenue for Fragonard to engage and connect with its customers?
(A) The creation of immersive and interactive digital experiences, such as virtual fragrance journeys
(B) The development of exclusive and experiential retail concepts, like pop-up shops and fragrance bars
(C) Engaging in ongoing market research and consumer insights to stay attuned to evolving customer needs
(D) Investing in celebrity endorsements and sponsorships to increase brand visibility and appeal
(E) Leveraging advances in technology and data analytics to create customized scent profiles and recommendations
7. The passage suggests that Fragonard's rich heritage and unparalleled expertise position the brand to:
(A) Dominate the luxury perfume market without the need for innovation or adaptation
(B) Create some of the world's most sought-after and beloved fragrances
(C) Abandon its traditional practices and fully embrace modern trends and technologies
(D) Appeal exclusively to older generations and established markets
(E) Prioritize cost-cutting measures over quality and craftsmanship
8. Which of the following best captures the main idea of the passage?
(A) Fragonard's success depends solely on its ability to maintain its traditional practices and resist change
(B) The luxury perfume industry is facing an inevitable decline, and Fragonard is powerless to adapt
(C) Fragonard's future success lies in its ability to balance tradition and innovation while staying true to its core mission and values
(D) The key to Fragonard's growth is to completely abandon its heritage and embrace entirely new and unfamiliar practices
(E) Fragonard's ultimate goal is to maximize profits, regardless of the impact on quality or customer satisfaction
9. The passage implies that Fragonard's commitment to sustainability, transparency, and social responsibility is:
(A) A passing trend that is unlikely to have a lasting impact on the brand's success
(B) A necessary response to the increasing demands and expectations of modern consumers
(C) An unnecessary distraction from the brand's core focus on creating exquisite fragrances
(D) The sole determining factor in the brand's future success and growth
(E) A concept that is incompatible with the luxury perfume industry as a whole
10. According to the passage, what is one way in which Fragonard can redefine the art of perfumery and set a new standard for excellence and innovation in the industry?
(A) By focusing exclusively on using synthetic and artificial ingredients in its fragrances
(B) By eliminating all forms of customer feedback and input from the fragrance creation process
(C) By creating fragrances that prioritize novelty and shock value over quality and craftsmanship
(D) By developing immersive and engaging experiences that transport the wearer to another time and place
(E) By limiting its product offerings to a small and exclusive range of signature scents
CBCBEDBCBD
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发表于 2024-7-23 08:46:32
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