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1.CR
答案:
DC
2.RC
The Earth has witnessed several mass extinctions throughout its geological history, with the most notable ones occurring at the end of the Cretaceous period (approximately 70 million years ago) and the Permian period (around 250 million years ago). These events, characterized by the extinction of numerous species within a geologically brief time frame, have been the subject of extensive research and speculation among scientists. The fossil record reveals at least five mass extinctions that have decimated marine life. Alarmingly, the current rates of extinction are comparable to those observed during these past events, leading many researchers to conclude that we are in the midst of a sixth mass extinction. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the causes of these high extinction rates, including global temperature fluctuations, changes in ocean currents or seasonal patterns, and continental drift. Biological factors, such as the evolution of insect-plant cooperation or the emergence of bottom-feeding predators in the oceans, have also been suggested. Some mechanisms imply a rapid and simultaneous extinction event, while others suggest a more gradual process occurring over an extended period or at different times across continents. The current mass extinction is thought to be primarily driven by human activities, such as hunting and habitat destruction. American paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski have identified a potential pattern of periodic increased extinction rates, occurring approximately every 26 million years since the mid-Cretaceous period. This finding has led to hypotheses suggesting the influence of a companion star with a long-period orbit, which could deflect objects from their normal orbits and cause them to collide with Earth as meteors, resulting in widespread devastation. Among the various hypotheses proposed to explain the late Cretaceous extinctions, the asteroid-impact hypothesis, put forth by Luis and Walter Alvarez, has gained significant attention. According to this hypothesis, Earth experienced a collision with an asteroid measuring approximately 10 kilometers in diameter or multiple asteroids with a combined mass of similar magnitude. The impact would have ejected substantial amounts of debris into the atmosphere, obscuring the skies for several years and reducing photosynthesis, leading to a massive decline in plant life and subsequent starvation of herbivores and carnivores. The presence of the rare-earth element iridium (Ir) in sedimentary deposits spanning the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary provides compelling evidence for the Alvarez hypothesis. While Earth's crust contains minimal amounts of iridium, asteroids are known to have significantly higher concentrations. The global distribution of iridium anomalies at this boundary, likely caused by atmospheric currents dispersing impact debris, strongly supports the asteroid-impact theory, despite the absence of a recovered asteroid. An impact of this magnitude would be expected to leave a massive crater and generate heat-shocked quartz in various rock types. Secondary craters surrounding the primary crater, formed by ejected large blocks, have been discovered along Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, with heat-shocked quartz found in both Mexico and Haiti. The coastal location of Chicxulub in the Yucatan has been proposed as the primary impact site. 1. What is the primary focus of the passage? (A) The causes of the current mass extinction (B) The periodic nature of mass extinctions (C) The Alvarez hypothesis and supporting evidence (D) The differences between the Cretaceous and Permian mass extinctions (E) The role of human activities in mass extinctions 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the current mass extinction? (A) It is caused by a combination of global temperature fluctuations and continental drift. (B) The extinction rates are lower than those of previous mass extinctions. (C) It is primarily attributed to hunting by humans and habitat destruction. (D) It is expected to occur rapidly and simultaneously across all continents. (E) The evolution of insect-plant cooperation is a major contributing factor. 3. The Alvarez hypothesis proposes that the late Cretaceous extinctions were caused by: (A) A gradual process of global temperature changes (B) The emergence of bottom-feeding predators in the oceans (C) The collision of Earth with an asteroid or multiple asteroids (D) Periodic increases in extinction rates every 26 million years (E) The deflection of objects from their normal orbits by a companion star 4. Which of the following provides strong evidence supporting the Alvarez hypothesis? (A) The presence of heat-shocked quartz in various rock types (B) The discovery of secondary craters surrounding the primary crater (C) The global distribution of iridium anomalies at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (D) The identification of Chicxulub as the primary impact site (E) The absence of a recovered asteroid 5. According to David Raup and John Sepkoski's findings, which of the following is true about mass extinctions? (A) They occur at regular intervals of approximately 26 million years. (B) They are caused by the evolution of insect-plant cooperation. (C) They are more severe during the Permian period than the Cretaceous period. (D) They only affect marine life and not terrestrial species. (E) They are always caused by asteroid impacts.
答案:
BCCCA
3.DI
The Jade Emperor's Celestial Emporium, a renowned retailer of divine artifacts and heavenly goods in the celestial realm, has been experiencing steady growth in recent millennia. The emporium offers a wide range of products, including enchanted weaponry, mystical talismans, and sacred scrolls, catering to the needs of various deities, immortals, and mythical creatures.
The emporium's inventory is categorized into three main product lines:
1. Enchanted Weaponry (30% of total inventory): This category includes celestial swords, divine bows, and other legendary weapons. The average price of an enchanted weapon is 50,000 celestial coins, with a gross margin of 40%.
2. Mystical Talismans (50% of total inventory): This category comprises protective amulets, good luck charms, and other magical items. The average price of a mystical talisman is 10,000 celestial coins, with a gross margin of 60%.
3. Sacred Scrolls (20% of total inventory): This category consists of ancient texts, prophecies, and divine scriptures. The average price of a sacred scroll is 100,000 celestial coins, with a gross margin of 30%.
The emporium's sales have been growing at an average rate of 5% per century for the past five centuries. However, the growth rate varies for each product line. Enchanted weaponry sales have been growing at 4% per century, mystical talismans at 6% per century, and sacred scrolls at 3% per century.
To keep up with the increasing demand, the Jade Emperor is considering expanding the emporium's operations. There are two options:
1. Expand the existing emporium in the celestial realm, which would increase the inventory capacity by 20% and require an investment of 10 million celestial coins.
2. Open a new branch in the mortal realm, which would increase the inventory capacity by 40% and require an investment of 25 million celestial coins. However, operating in the mortal realm would reduce the gross margins by 10 percentage points for all product lines due to higher operating costs.
The emporium currently has a total inventory of 10,000 items and an annual revenue of 1 billion celestial coins. The Jade Emperor expects the demand for the emporium's products to continue growing at the current rates for the next three centuries.
1. What is the current average price of a mystical talisman?
A. 5,000 celestial coins
B. 10,000 celestial coins
C. 15,000 celestial coins
D. 20,000 celestial coins
2. What percentage of the emporium's total inventory is sacred scrolls?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
3. Assuming the emporium maintains its current inventory capacity, what will be the approximate total inventory after three centuries of growth?
A. 11,500 items
B. 12,000 items
C. 12,500 items
D. 13,000 items
4. If the Jade Emperor decides to open a new branch in the mortal realm, what will be the new gross margin for enchanted weaponry?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%
5. What is the emporium's current annual revenue from sacred scrolls?
A. 100 million celestial coins
B. 150 million celestial coins
C. 200 million celestial coins
D. 250 million celestial coins
6. By what percentage will the emporium's inventory capacity increase if the Jade Emperor decides to expand the existing emporium?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
7. Assuming the current growth rates remain constant, what will be the approximate sales growth rate for mystical talismans over the next three centuries?
A. 15%
B. 18%
C. 20%
D. 25%
8. If the Jade Emperor decides to open a new branch in the mortal realm, what will be the total investment required?
A. 10 million celestial coins
B. 15 million celestial coins
C. 20 million celestial coins
D. 25 million celestial coins
9. What is the approximate ratio of the emporium's annual revenue from enchanted weaponry to its annual revenue from sacred scrolls?
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 3:1
D. 4:1
10. If the Jade Emperor decides to expand the existing emporium and the demand for all product lines increases by an additional 10% per century, what will be the approximate total inventory after three centuries?
A. 13,500 items
B. 14,500 items
C. 15,500 items
D. 16,500 items
1. B. 10,000 celestial coins
2. B. 20%
3. C. 12,500 items
4. B. 30%
5. C. 200 million celestial coins
6. B. 20%
7. C. 20%
8. D. 25 million celestial coins
9. C. 3:1
10. C. 15,500 items
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发表于 2024-3-15 06:32:14
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