OG35-杨继62-大全62-218

  Two divergent definitions have dominated sociologists’

  discussions of the nature of ethnicity. The first emphasizes

  the primordial and unchanging character of ethnicity. In

  this view, people have an essential need for belonging that

(5) is satisfied by membership in groups based on shared

   ancestry and culture. A different conception of ethnicity

   de-emphasizes the cultural component and defines ethnic

   groups as interest groups. In this view, ethnicity serves as

   a way of mobilizing a certain population behind issues

(10) relating to its economic position. While both of these

   definitions are useful, neither fully captures the dynamic

   and changing aspects of ethnicity in the United States.

   Rather, ethnicity is more satisfactorily conceived of as a

   process in which preexisting communal bonds and common

(15) cultural attributes are adapted for instrumental purposes

   according to changing real-life situations.

     One example of this process is the rise of participation

   by Native American people in the broader United States

  political system since the Civil Rights movement of the

(20)1960’s. Besides leading Native Americans to participate

   more actively in politics (the number of Native American

   legislative officeholders more than doubled), this movement

   also evoked increased interest in tribal history and traditional

   culture. Cultural and instrumental components of

(25 )ethnicity are not mutually exclusive, but rather reinforce

   one another.

???***218/1. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

Choice E is

not correct because although the passage suggests a new conception of ethnicity, there is no

indication that the other definitions discussed are incompatible with each other.