今天把Ron神的第一个视频看完了，虽然耗时很长，只有两道题，但真的收获满满，胜过做20题！
发一下自己的笔记：
题目1：
Sulfur dioxide,a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially seriouspollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal with all otherpollutants. A. an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratorysystem’s ability to deal B. an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratorysystem’s capability of dealing C. an especially serious pollutantbecause it diminishes the capability of therespiratory system in dealing D. a specially serious pollutantbecause it diminishes the capability of therespiratory system to deal E. a specially serious pollutantbecause of diminishing the respiratory system’sability to deal A 选项的 it 是有 pronoun ambiguity 的，但是 pronounambiguity 不是一个 absolute rule E.g. Take thepizza outof the box - and- put it... action verb direct object prep obj. of prep action verb direct obj parallel to thepronoun not parallel to the pronoun
The GMAT will usually toleratepronoun ambiguity if:
1. thecontext is obvious 如在例句后面加上into the oven 2. the pronoun is parallel to theintended noun见上面紫色的分析 3. the pronoun is not parallel toother nouns 所以遇到代词时，不要急着判断它指代不清，一定要判别是否有以上三种情况出现，若有，则说明这个代词指代是可以的。
现在回到题目，本题的代词指代容易发生问题的地方在于it到底是指代sulfur dioxide还是acid rain，现在我们应用上面三个条件检验： Sulfur dioxide,a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially seriouspollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal with all otherpollutants. 1.contextclear？Yes.很明显只能是二氧化硫减小呼吸系统的能力 2. 从平行角度： Sulfur dioxide,a major contributor toacid rain,is an especially serious pollutant Subject of clause obj. ofprep becauseit diminishes the… subj verb sulfurdioxide和it平行，都为subj 3.acid不和it平行
本题的其他问题： 1.区分especially和specially： “especially”=to an unusually high degree/more so than comparable things尤其 e.g. These paintings are all attractive, but thatone is especially attractive because of its use of chiaroscuro. “specially”=done in a special manner特地 e.g. This dish, which is not on the normal menu, wasspecially prepared for our guest. 因此这道题强调sulfur dioxide而不是other pollutants,即为especially“to an unusuallyhigh degree” 2. because of的用法: Because of VERBing是错误用法！ 正确的用法为because+CLAUSE或because of +NOUN
所以这道题中because of diminishing the …是不对的，而应该是正确选项中的because itdiminishes
题目2：The period when the great painted cavesat Lascaux and Altamira were occupiedby Upper Paleolithic people has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much moredifficult to determine are the reason for their decoration, the use to which primitive people put the caves, and the meaningof the magnificently depicted animals. (A) has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much moredifficult to determine are (B) has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much moredifficult to determine is (C) have been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much moredifficult to determine is (D) have been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much moredifficult to determine are (E) are established by carbon-14 dating, but that which is much moredifficult to determine is 如果在选项中看到动词单复数的差别，就要先看主谓是否一致。 判断动词的主语的两种方式： 1.去掉修饰语 比如找has的主语，把period的修饰“when the great…people”去掉，只剩period 2.看语意：语意上动词的发出者应该为谁？ Just think about“Exactly WHAT was established?”这道题中一定是period被建立而不是people之类的 下列内容不能成为主句中主语： 1. objects of verbs 2. objects of prep 3. subordinate clauses 因为它们都有自己的归属，不能充当大主句的主语，因此在判别主谓一致时需要把它们消掉来找主语
（上面在判断have/has）
Problem：如果句子为“X is/was/wereY”等，很难说谁是主语 Solution： ① 如果动词前的anything可以作主语，则那就是主语； E.g.The hardest part of the exam(was/were) the three questions atthe end. 先去verb前面找主语，发现去掉修饰the hardest和the exam，subject可以是“part”，因此part就是subject，因此选was. E.g.The three questions at the end(was/were) the hardest part of the exam. 先去verb前面找主语，去掉修饰at the end，发现the threequestions就是主语，因此用were. ②如果动词前nothing可以作主语，则主语为动词后的东西。 E.g.On the table(is/are) two cell phones. 由于动词前的on the table是介词短语，所以不能充当subject，因此subject要去动词后去找，即为two cellphones. 因此verb应该为are E.g.Harder than anything else on the exam(was/were)the three questions at the end. 由于than anything…是修饰语，且harder也不是noun,因此说明verb前无subject，要去verb后面找subject，即为the threequestions，因此verb为were. 回到这个题，我们找are/is的主语，先去are前面找，发现what is much more difficult todetermine本身就可以作subject了，所以the reason…后面一长串不是subject，因此应该选is
(上面在判断are/is)
本题另一个重要考点： The period when the great painted cavesat Lascaux and Altamira were occupiedby Upper Paleolithic people has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much moredifficult to determine are thereason for their decoration, the use to which primitive people put the caves, and the meaningof the magnificently depicted animals.这段话是一个整体，不要把the reason和它们分开看 复合主语（“X“ and “Y”）or a LIST(“X,Y,and Z”)应当被当成一个single复数名词 E.g. James and Saramet to discussher homework. 错！ “James and Sara”应该被当成ONEWORD，而后面的“her”只是相当于HALFA WORD. 正确的写法若要改变语意，则discuss后面应为they/theirXXX等任何包含双方共同内容的noun 若不改变语意，则有两种办法fix: 1. 把这个list（组合）分开： James met with Sara to discuss her homework. 这样一来主语就从复合主语变成了James单独作主语，后面用her也没问题了。 2. 把代词her改成具体的人名（repeat） Jamesand Sara met to discuss Sara’shomework. E.g. On the stageare Professor Y and Professor X won a Nobel Prize for his work in topic Z. 若这句话想表达的语意是Professor X获得的奖，则正确的改发为： ①On the stage with Prof Y is ProfX, who recently won a NP for his work. ② On the stage are Prof X, who recently won a NP for his work, and Prof Y. ③ On the stage is Prof Y, along with（修饰语） Prof X, who recently won a NP for his work. ④ On the stage are Professor Y and Professor X, the latter of whom recently won a NP for hiswork. “thelatter”把这个复合list分开了 因此回到文中，若有F选项这么写也是正确的选项： Has been established byC14 dating, but more difficult to determine are… 因为此时are的前面是形容词，找subject应到后面找，则subject为后面一长串“the reason…,the use…, and themeaning…”即一个复合主语
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发表于 2019-5-11 21:52:03
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楼主
），并且按照自己的情况进行了规划。由于这个帖子只是给我自己看的（大家真的没有看的必要，但若我苟富贵，未来不会相忘的，一定会回馈！）所以就不继续痛苦回忆过去错误的方法了，直接写应该咋做该干点啥！
