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最近在看阅读小分队贴出来的文章，发现速度实在是有点吃力里面还有大量的生词，于是乎开始看神猴说的默读与下面贴的 speed reading ，其中又一个帖子貌似是神猴大神写的，关于怎么默读方法的， 用1234 来代替单词，但是没找到哪个帖子，希望神猴大神看到帮忙把链接补上。
First The definition of readion , reading is a thinking process rather than an exercise in eye movements. effective reading requires a logical sequence of thinking or thought pattern and these thought pattern require practice to set them into the mind.They may be broken down into the following seven basic processes:1. Recognition: the reader's knowledge of the alphabetic symbols.
2. Assimilation: the physical process of perception and scanning.
3. Intra-integration: basic understanding derived from the reading materialitself, with minimum dependence on past experience, other than aknowledge of grammar and vocabulary.
4. Extra-integration: analysis, criticism, appreciation, selection & rejection.These are all activities which require the reader to bring his past experience to bear on the task.
5. Retention: this is the capacity to store the information in memory.
6. Recall: the ability to recover the information from memory storage.
7. Communication: this represents the application of the information and
may be further broken down into at least 4 categories, which are:
* Written communication;
* Spoken communication;
* Communication through drawing and the manipulation of objects;
* Thinking, which is another word for communication with the self.
Test of Reading Speed
Choose a novel or book that you are interested in and can read easily. Measure
the time it takes to read five pages. Your reading speed can then be calculated
using the following formula:
w.p.m. (speed) = (number of pages read) times (number of words per average
page), divided by (the number of minutes spent reading).
简单来说阅读的主要步骤就是理解和回忆
对于一般的外国读者他们读书的方式是扫过开头几个词，然后注重这一行中间的几个字，然后再扫过最后几个字。
还有读书的时候一般 两个到三个短语或者词组去接受信息，这样的话一句话就已经背缩短了一般，如果你语法够好的话，能一个结构一个结构的去看，那么一句话，也就i分别变成两个短语。
阅读基本上有两种方式 一种叫 subvocalisation 另外一种叫 thought-stream
subvocalisation 其意思就是你一遍看一遍在脑子里面读，这就是神猴大神所说的听说思维，用音来记单词，所以导致了所有单词都需要读出来才能使大脑神经反应过来这个次是什么意思，从而理解了这个单词，但是这种方法往往有局限性，就在于你阅读文章的时候有许多不认识的生词，那个时候你脑子里面没有读音的时候，你就不知道该怎么往下，但是阅读的时候有些专有名词你可以忽略，其他的词如果你不会，就会很大程度上影响你的阅读速度和理解能力。
thought-stream 结合书中的看法，本人认为是结合图形记忆法, 单词你记住了形状，这个方法有两点说明，其一遇到不认识单词，如果你不认识其实对于文章的阅读不会起到太大的阻碍，但是如果你给这个词下一个定义的话，很可能导致全篇文章错误理解。其二其实词根词缀，其实也可以看做单词的一个部分，通过一些最基本的语法规则，我们可以看出来词性，这样的话即便有些单词不认识 ，但是我们知道词性，就容易找到我们所需要的信息。
具体练习方法，原来神猴也写过，但是我初次看的时候有点不太理解，这次贴出书中英文版加以说明：
Step 1. Choose a page from a light novel. Easily understood material is required because even when a good reader is reading something that he finds difficult to comprehend, there will be a tendency to revert to subvocalisation,when a phrase or sentence containing unfamiliar or foreign words is presented.Unfamiliar words can only be held in mind either by having extremely good powers of auditory visualisation or by rehearsing them subvocally.
Note: a reader using thought-stream, rather than subvocalisation, will find he is able to detect misunderstood words more easily, because he will revert to subvocalisation as he strives to give meaning to the unfamiliar. If you find yourself suddenly subvocalising when you would otherwise use thought-stream, this is a strong indication that you have just gone past a word that is misunderstood, or a group of words forming a concept that does not make sense. Misunderstood words should each be defined and then the concept reevaluated.
Step 2. Count out loud from one to ten repeatedly, whilst reading the page silently using thought-stream. Counting out loud will occupy the motor-vocal system, so that the mind is unable to subvocalise.
Step 3. When you are able to read silently whilst counting out loud, then begin to read silently using thought-stream and to count silently at the same time using sub-vocalisation.
An alternative method to counting is to say or subvocalise a repeated "Eee ... eee ... eee ..." which has the same effect of occupying the vocal-motor system. Get plenty of practice with Steps 2 & 3, so that this skill is fully acquired and you can easily recognize the difference between 'spoken' subvocalisation and the thought-stream.
Step 4. Once you can read silently whilst counting silently, begin to increase your reading speed. When your reading speed exceeds 360 w.p.m., the two types of subjective reading will become more differentiated. (Test). By using thought-stream you can read much faster, whereas subvocalisation is limited by the speed of motoric response.
Step 5. Now that you can easily read with thought-stream, leaving behind any subvocalisation, it is time to add more character to the inner speech, so that it is not just a silent stream of thought but is also a stream of visualisation. Image the dialogue of the novel, adopting different voices in your inner speech to suit the characters. This should further differentiate your thought-stream from subvocalisation, which would always tend to be a reflection of your own voice. At the same time, visualise the scenarios of the story, hear the environmental
读书的时候，先选一些简单的东西读，因为材料很简单，所以读的就会很快，然后你再读一些难得材料，你会发现速度依然会降低，但是确实比原来的速度快了。
我从书中看到的一个比喻，就好比你开车开的100公里/小时 ，突然看到一个限速的牌子说 30M/H 你虽然会降低速度，但是可能会比限制速度稍微高点 50M/H 左右。
所以书中建议采取手指，或者拿笔的方式
1、读的时候手指着，或笔指着，
2、加快笔移动的速度。
3、如果感觉到了极限了，换个比较简单的文章。Magazine articles are good for this purpose because many magazines have narrow columns of about 5 or 6 words, and often the material is light reading.
其实通过这个练习你会慢慢感觉到速度的提升，自认为对于应付考试够了，但是对于以后的学习，还是不太够的。就像GWD的那个公开课视频说的，国外教授让你做case study or performance的时候会让你准备一大堆的材料，native speaker 一个星期的任务量大概5~6本书，有些出国的童鞋这样干的，每人抱着一本书看一个星期，星期六聚在一起，总结一下，OK了. 这中方法既不efficient and effective 。所以就算GMAT东西考过了，speed reading 在未来学习生活中还是一个非常重要的技巧。听说外国人看东西 十几秒差不多一页就看完了。一分钟看6页，一小时看360页，所以知道为什么教授会布置那么多书看了吧。
本人英语水平不高，也才开始加入阅读小分队，希望这个解释能帮助到大家。（本文部分段落摘自｛speed reading｝，仅供交流所用，版权属于此书）
本人才疏学浅，希望大家拍砖，讨论及交流。
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发表于 2013-8-28 15:52:59
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