18. Frieda: Lightning causes fires and damages electronic equipment. Since lightning rods can prevent any major damage, every building should have one.
Erik: Your recommendation is pointless. It is true that lightning occasionally causes fires, but faulty wiring and overloaded circuits cause far more fires and damage to equipment than lightning does.
Erik’s response fails to establish that Frieda’s recommendation should not be acted on because his response
(A) does not show that the benefits that would follow from Frieda’s recommendation would be
offset by any disadvantage
(B) does not offer any additional way of lessening the risk associated with lightning
(C) appeals to Frieda’s emotions rather than to her reason
(D) introduces an irrelevant comparison between overloaded circuits and faulty wiring
(E) confuses the notion of preventing damage with that of causing inconvenience
答案：A，我选了D
24. Until recently it was thought that ink used before the sixteenth century did not contain titanium. However, a new type of analysis detected titanium in the ink of the famous Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg and in that of another fifteenth-century Bible known as B-36, though not in the ink of any of numerous other fifteenth-century books analyzed. This finding is of great significance, since it not only strongly supports the hypothesis that B-36 was printed by Gutenberg but also shows that the presence of titanium in the ink of the purportedly fifteenth century Vinland Map can no longer be regarded as a reason for doubting the map’s authenticity.
The reasoning in the passage is vulnerable to criticism on the ground that
(A) the results of the analysis are interpreted as indicating that the use of titanium as an ingredient in fifteenth-century ink both was, and was not, extremely restricted
(B) if the technology that makes it possible to detect titanium in printing ink has only recently become available, it is unlikely that printers ore artists in the fifteenth century would know whether their ink contained titanium or not
(C) it is unreasonable to suppose that determination of the date and location of a document’s printing or drawing can be made solely on the basis of the presence or absence of a single element in the ink used in the document.
(D) both the B-36 Bible and the Binland Map are objects that can be appreciated on their own merits whether or not the precise date of their creation or the identity of the person who made them is known.
(E) the discovery of titanium in the ink of the Vinland Map must have occurred before titanium was discovered in the ink of the Gutenberg Bible and the B-36 Bible .
1. I used POE to pick A. The question is similar to "because it fails to...". I think that there can be many right answers for this type of question. For example, the answer can also be "becasue other causes that inflict more damages does not justify not preventing lightening damages".
So I suggest that you use POE for this type of problems. D is wrong. Where is the comparison between the two? Joy, you cannot pick a choice because it looks "like" an answer because it mentions the some of the subjects in the argument. Actually, most of the time these kinds of choices are misleading and therefore wrong. You need to understand what the answer means.
The reasoning of the original argument is: A: X causes damages and Y can prevent X. So Y should be used. B: But Y causes more damages than X. So A is wrong.
You can see that B's argument is lrrelevant. And the answer A points out one of the problems of the argument.
BTW, POE is one of the best ways for CR.
2. A indicates the contradictary reasoning of the argument. Because there is Titanium in the ink of a book by J.G., the author argues that the other bible whose ink also contains titanium should be written by J.G. too. From this we can reason that the use of titanium ink must be extremely restricted. In another word, only this guy had access to this type of ink. Then the author argues that the titanium ink in the Map does not pose doubt on its dating of 15th century. In another word, his reasoning is that titanium ink should be available during that period.
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发表于 2003-6-21 11:03:00
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