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6.
Historian: Leibniz, the seventeenth-century
philosopher, published his version of calculus
before Newton did. But then Newton revealed
his private notebooks, which showed he had
been using these ideas for at least a decade
before Leibniz’s publication. Newton also
claimed that he had disclosed these ideas to
Leibniz in a letter shortly before Leibniz’s
publication. Yet close examination of the letter
shows that Newton’s few cryptic remarks did
not reveal anything important about calculus.
Thus, Leibniz and Newton each independently
discovered calculus.
想想为什么要举这个例子！文章中的转折词，注意选项和原文的联系。逻辑是需要有载体的，此问题的载体就是anything important about calculus，因为作者也是通过它来进行推理的！我需要做的就是把这个逻辑再运用到更广泛的范围. 在假设题中，要善于运用“取非”的方法！
Which one of the following is an assumption
required by the historian’s argument?
(A) Leibniz did not tell anyone about calculus
prior to publishing his version of it.
(B) No third person independently discovered
calculus prior to Newton and Leibniz.
(C) Newton believed that Leibniz was able to learn
something important about calculus from his
letter to him.
(D) Neither Newton nor Leibniz knew that the other
had developed a version of calculus prior to
Leibniz’s publication.即使我已经知道你发明了一个公式，但是如果你没有告诉我具体信息，我自己还是可以独立发明出来的。所以，即使“取非”也不能削弱结论
(E) Neither Newton nor Leibniz learned crucial
details about calculus from some third
source.这和文中的例子联系很紧密，通过“信件中没有关于公式的重要信息就排除了L是从N那里学来的”，所以应用这条逻辑思路，也就可以得出结论了！
85. (23981-!-item-!-188;#058&000656)
Fearing that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to make the corporate hierarchy rigid by inhibiting communication, some corporations shun the use of executive titles. A title, however, can facilitate an executive's dealings with external businesses since it encourages outsiders to treat the executive with respect. The obvious compromise is for these executives to use their titles externally but not within their corporations.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the compromise suggested above?
A. Only small corporations can preserve an atmosphere of mutual respect and high regard without having a rigid corporate hierarchy.
Small corporations’ situation reveals that middle and large corporation should use a rigid corporate hierarchy, but does not tell whether insider or outsider, or both.
B. Referring to an executive by using a title can encourage both those outside the organization and inside the organization to treat the executive with respect.
The answer choice weakens the argument by showing that even inside the organization using a title is good.
C. Even if it is widely known within a corporation that the corporation's executives use executive titles outside their organizations, this knowledge does not by itself inhibit communication within the corporation.
Yes, in this case, it reveals that using titles externally but not within corporations is beneficial. BA
D. A rigid corporate hierarchy can promote efficiency within an organization as well as provide access to the corporation for those outside the organization.
Promoting efficiency is outside the scope of the argument.
E. Although many corporate executives disapprove of rigid hierarchies on the grounds that they inhibit communication, the vast majority of executives have no qualms about using titles both internally and externally.
The same to B
86. (24835-!-item-!-188;#058&001244)
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Concerned about the financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65. Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians. Nevertheless, many of them are no better off注意是没有提高，而不是恶化financially than they were before the increase, in large part because __________.
A. they rely entirely on the government pension for their income
So their well-being should be improved.
B. Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check
Compared to two years, three weeks are too short. Besides, the argument has revealed that the increase has been duly received by all eligible Rugnagians.
C. they buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation
In the argument, we can know that inflation in the intervening period has been negligible.
D. the pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high
So their well-being should be improved, too.
E. in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
If their children reduced money given to them, elderly citizens cannot get a better well-being live, even the government gives them 20 percent more pensions. BA
87. (31284-!-item-!-188;#058&005747)
Two years ago, the government of Runagia increased by 20 percent the government-provided pensions paid to Runagians over 65. The aim of the increase was to stimulate the economy in the rural regions of the country, where most pension recipients live. Statistics, however, show that there has been no increase in economic activity in those regions since then, but that there has been noticeably more spending in the urban areas.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the increase resulted in the unintended state of affairs described?
A. Until the pensions were increased, many Runagians over 65 in rural regions had been receiving support from their children who live in urban areas.
Since children in urban areas can save more money and give less money to their parents, they can spend it in urban. BA
B. The pensions were increased when the number of people below the poverty level in rural areas of Runagia reached an all-time high.
When the pensions were increased is irrelevant.
C. City-dwellers in Runagia rarely travel to rural regions of the country.
The answer choice can tell us nothing about the discrepancy above.
D. The Runagian postal system is so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks for pension checks to reach recipients in rural areas.
Compared with 2 years, 3 weeks are too short.
E. On average, the pensions were higher in rural than in urban areas before the increase.
Actually, this answer choice makes the argument more contradictory.
88. (24173-!-item-!-188;#058&000719)
When a new restaurant, Martin's Cafe, opened in Riverville last year, many people predicted that business at the Wildflower Inn, Riverville's only other restaurant, would suffer from the competition. Surprisingly, however, in the year since Martin's Cafe opened, the average number of meals per night served at the Wildflower Inn has increased significantly.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase?
A. Unlike the Wildflower Inn, Martin's Cafe serves considerably more meals on weekends than it does on weekdays.
The weekends or the weekdays are irrelevant.
B. Most of the customers of Martin's Cafe had never dined in Riverville before this restaurant opened, and on most days Martin's Cafe attracts more customers than it can seat.
Because M has so many customers that it cannot accommodate, W can share some of them. BA
C. The profit per meal is higher, on average, for meals served at Martin's Cafe than for those served at the Wildflower Inn.
The profit per meal is outside the scope of the argument, which talks about the average number of meals per night.
D. The Wildflower Inn is not open on Sundays, and therefore Riverville residents who choose to dine out on that day must either eat at Martin's Cafe or go to neighboring towns to eat.
In this case, it is hard for M to increase the average number of meals per night.
E. A significant proportion of the staff at Martin's Cafe are people who formerly worked at the Wildflower Inn and were hired away by the owner of Martin's Cafe.
The staff is irrelevant to the average number of meals per night.
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发表于 2012-7-19 02:53:28
