- UID
- 674366
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2011-9-21
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
是在不好意思，我今天考T， 这几天没来，咱继续哈！坚持坚持！
40 竞争与合作
While cooperation is the antithesis of competition, the need or desire to compete with others is a common impetus that motivates individuals to organize into a group and cooperate with each other in order to form a stronger competitive force. Cooperation in many areas such as farming and housing may be in the form of a cooperative or, alternately, in the form of a conventional business.
Many people resort to this because they may cooperate by trading with each other or by altruistic sharing.
Certain forms of cooperation are illegal in some jurisdictions because they alter the nature of access by others to economic or other resources. Thus, cooperation in the form of cartels or price-fixing may be illegal.
41 个人主义
Individualism is a term used to describe a moral, political, or social outlook that stresses human independence and the importance of individual self-reliance and liberty. Individualists promote the exercise of individual goals and desires. They oppose most external interference with an individual?s choices—whether by society, the state, or any other group or institution. Individualism is therefore opposed to holism, collectivism, fascism, communalism, statism, totalitarianism, and communitarianism, which stress that communal, group, societal, racial, or national goals should take priority over individual goals. Individualism is also opposed to the view that tradition, religion, or any other form of external moral standard should be used to limit an individual?s choice of actions.
Individualism has a controversial relationship with egoism （selfishness）. While some individualists are egoists, they usually do not argue that selfishness is inherently good. Rather, some argue that individuals are not duty-bound to any socially-imposed morality and that individuals should be free to choose to be selfish （or to choose any other lifestyle） if they so desire. Others still, such as Ayn Rand, argue against “moral relativism” and claim selfishness to be a virtue.
42 社会责任感
Social responsibility is an ethical or ideological theory that an entity, whether it is a government, corporation, organization or individual, has a responsibility to society.
There is a large inequality in the means and roles of different entities to fulfill their claimed responsibility. This would imply that different entities have different responsibilities, insomuch as states should ensure the civil rights of their citizens, that corporations should respect and encourage the human rights of their employees and that citizens should abide by written laws. But social responsibility can mean more than these examples. Many NGOs accept that their roles and the responsibility of their members as citizens are to help improve society by taking a proactive
stance in their societal roles. It can also imply that corporations have an implicit obligation to give back to society （such as is claimed as part of corporate social responsibility and/or stakeholder theory）.
Social responsibility is voluntary; it is about going above and beyond what is called for by the law （legal responsibility）. It involves an idea that it is better to be proactive toward a problem rather than reactive to a problem. Social responsibility means eliminating corrupt, irresponsible or unethical behavior that might bring harm to the community, its people, or the environment before the behavior happens. |
|
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2011-12-18 22:31:16
收藏
收藏
