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请教xdjm：LSAT-8-4-25/LSAT-8-4-19/LSAT-8-4-9
T8－SECTION IV Questions 25/19/9
25/19/9
25. George: A well-known educator claims that children who are read to when they are very young are more likely to enjoy reading when they grow up than are children who were not read to. But this claim is clearly false. My cousin Emory was regularly read to as a child and as an adult he seldom reads for pleasure, whereas no one read to me and reading is now my favorite form of relaxation.
Ursula: You and Emory prove nothing in this case. Your experience is enough to refute the claim that all avid adult readers were read to as children, but what the educator said about reading to children is not that sort of claim.
Which one of the following describes a flaw in Georges reasoning?
(A) He treats his own experience and the experiences of other members of his own family as though they have more weight as evidence than do the experiences of other people.
(B) He does not distinguish between the quality and the quantity of the books that adults read to Emory when Emory was a child.
(C) He overlooks the well-known fact that not all reading is equally relaxing.
(D) He fails to establish that the claim made by this particular educator accurately reflects the position held by the majority of educators.
(E) He attempts to refute a general claim by reference to nonconforming cases, although the claim is consistent with the occurrence of such cases.
问题：如何理解E是正确的？
原文说教授的孩子虽然被读了书，但后来并不喜欢阅读；教育家说：被读书的人比不被读的人更有可能长大喜欢读书；
是否可以这样理解：教育家并没有排除特例的情况，只是说可能性大。所以可以说教育家的claim与such cases是一致的。？否则总觉得是不一致的。
19. People who receive unsolicited advice from someone whose advantage would be served if that advice is taken should regard the proffered advice with skepticism unless there is good reason to think that their interests substantially coincide with those of the advice giver in the circumstance in question.
This principle, if accepted, would justify which one of the following judgments?
(A) After learning by chance that Harriet is Looking for a secure investment for her retirement savings. Floyd writes to her recommending the R&M Company as an especially secure investment. But since Floyd is the sole owner of R&M, Harrier should reject his advice out of hand and invest the savings elsewhere.
(B) While shopping for a refrigerator. Ramon is approached by a salesperson who, on the basis of her personal experience, warns him against the least expensive model. However, the salesperson's commission increases with the price of the refrigerator sold, so Ramon should not reject the least expensive model on the salesperson's advice alone.
(C) Mario wants to bring pastry to Yvette's party, and when he consults her Yvette suggests that he bring his favorite chocolate fudge brownies from the local bakery. However, since Yvette also prefers those brownies to any other pastry, Mario would be wise to check with others before following her recommendation.
(D) Sara overhears Ron talking about a course he will be teaching and interrupts to recommend a textbook for his course. However, even though Sara and Ron each wrote a chapter of' this textbook, since the book's editor is a personal friend of Sara's, Ron should investigate further before deciding whether it is the best textbook for his course.
(E) Mel is buying fish for soup. Joel, who owns the fish market where Mel is a regular and valued customer, suggests a much less expensive fish than the fish Mel herself prefers. Since if Mel follows Joel's advice, Joel will make less profit on the sale than he would have otherwise. Mel should follow his recommendation.
先选了C，后选了D，答案是B。不理解。
觉得D可以满足提干逻辑：Sara是主动提出的（unsolicited），Sara和Ron的利益不一致，所以Ron需要更仔细的调查（regard the proffered advice with skepticism ）
B 里的 逻辑也满足，但既然Ramon是自己要去买的，与D相比不符合 unsolicited 的前提。
9. Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson's disease. This fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson's disease. Thus brain scans can be used to determine who is likely to develop Parkinson's disease.
The argument contains which one of the following reasoning errors?
(A) It fails to establish that other methods that can be used to diagnose Parkinson's disease are less accurate than brain scans.
(B) It overestimates the importance of early diagnosis in determining appropriate treatments for people suffering from Parkinson's disease.
(C) It mistakes a correlation between the type of brain damage described and Parkinson's disease for a causal relation between the two.
(D) It assumes that people would want to know as early as possible whether they were likely to develop Parkinson's disease.
{E} It neglects to specify how the information provided by brain scans could be used either in treating Parkinson's disease or in monitoring the progression of the disease.
问题：答案是B，觉得C更像。典型的“两个现象同时出现，不能确定因果关系”。
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发表于 2003-6-12 20:57:00
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