看看这个，不知道有用没，我是借花献佛，谢谢翻译提供者 In 1938, at the government-convened 1938年的会议上工会工人 National Health Conference, organized labor 是提议立法保障公众健康 emerged as a major proponent of legislation 的主要力量。 Line to guarantee universal health care in the (5) United States. The American Medical 代表医师利益的AMM要 Association, representing physicians’ 求保护医师的自由市场权。 interests, argued for preserving physicians’ free-market prerogatives. Labor activists 劳工行动家反对他们，坚 countered these arguments by insisting that 持说卫生保健是由政府项 (10) health care was a fundamental right that 目保障的基本权利。 should be guaranteed by government programs. 1938年, labor activists支持政府医疗保障 The labor activists’ position represented
劳工行动家的立场背离了 a departure from the voluntarist view held AFL到1935年才放弃的 (15) until 1935 by leaders of the American 唯意志观点。 Federation of labor (AFL), a leading affili- ation of labor unions; the voluntarist view 唯意志观点强调工人有权 stressed workers’ right to freedom from 摆脱政府对自己生活的干 government intrusions into their lives and 扰，它认为健康保险危及 (20) represented national health insurance as a 公众隐私。 threat to workers’ privacy. AFL president AFL领袖SG肆意说代表了 Samuel Gompers, presuming to speak for 全体工人，反对AALL在 all workers, had positioned the AFL as 1915年设立健康保险的提 a leading opponent of the proposals for 议。 (25) national health insurance that were advo- cated beginning in 1915 by the American Association for Labor Legislation (AALL), an organization dedicated to the study and reform of labor laws. Gompers’ opposition SG的反对一定程度上有他 (30) to national health insurance was partly 的原则，基于资本主义政 principled, arising from the premise that 府总是保护雇主的利益。 governments under capitalism invariably served employers’, not workers’, interests. Gompers feared the probing of government SG害怕官僚主义伸入工人 (35)
bureaucrats into workers’ lives, as well as 生活，由雇主资助的保险 the possibility that government-mandated 又可能让公司得到员工的 health insurance, financed in part by 体检报告，用来辞退伤残 employers, could permit companies to 工人。 require employee medical examinations (40) that might be used to discharge disabled workers. 1935年之前AFL的主要观点，反对政府医疗保障 Yet
the AFL’s voluntarism had accom- 但唯意志论容纳了某些例 modated certain exceptions: the AFL had 外：AFL支持代表受伤工 supported government intervention on behalf 人和童工的政府干预。 (45) of injured workers and child laborers. AFL 但AFL和健康保险划清界 officials drew the line at national health 线，一部分是出于自身权 insurance, however, partly out of concern 力的考虑。 for their own power. The fact that AFL AALL等局外人担当主 outsiders such as the AALL had taken the 要角色惹怒了SG。 (50) most prominent advocacy roles antagonized Gompers. That this reform threatened union- 这个改革危及SG支持的 sponsored benefit programs championed by 资助利益项目，让保险 Gompers made national health insurance 更讨厌。 even more objectionable. (55) Indeed, the AFL leadership did face AFL的领导层的确面临 serious organizational divisions. Many 严重分化。很多联盟成员 unionists, recognizing that union-run health 认识到联盟运作的健康项 programs covered only a small fraction of 目只面对一小部分成员， union members and that unions represented 纷纷支持义务健康保险。 (60) only a fraction of the nation’s workforce, worked to enact compulsory health insurance in their state legislatures. This 最终在1935年AFL还是 activism and the views underlying it came to 支持了这一立法。 prevail in the United States labor movement (65) and in 1935 the AFL unequivocally reversed its position on health legislationAFL最终倒戈支持政府医疗保证. | 
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2009-8-2 16:56:00
楼主
