OG-23-137、140好像没人问过，哪个牛人帮忙解答一下吧~~

Passage 104 (4/17)

New observations about the age of some globular clusters in our Milky Way galaxy (Milky Way galaxy: n.[天]银河系) have cast doubt on a long-held theory about how the galaxy was formed. The Milky Way contains about 125 globular clusters (compact groups of anywhere from several tens of thousands (tens of thousands: 好几万) to perhaps a million stars) distributed in a roughly spherical halo around the galactic nucleus (galactic nucleus: [天]星系核). The stars in these clusters are believed to have been born during the formation of the galaxy, and so may be considered relics of the original galactic nebula (galactic nebula: n.[天]银河星云), holding vital clues to the way the formation took place.

The conventional theory of the formation of the galaxy contends that roughly 12 to 13 billion years ago the Milky Way formed over a relatively short time (about 200 million years) when a spherical cloud of gas collapsed under the pressure of its own gravity into a disc surrounded by a halo. Such a rapid formation of the galaxy would mean that all stars in the halo should be very nearly the same age.

However, the astronomer Michael Bolte has found considerable variation in the ages of globular clusters. One of the clusters studied by Bolte is 2 billions years older than most other clusters in the galaxy, while another is 2 billion years younger. A colleague of Bolte contends that the cluster called Palomar 12 is 5 billion years younger than most other globular clusters.

To explain the age differences among the globular clusters, astronomers are taking a second look at “renegade” theories. One such newly fashionable theory, first put forward by Richard Larson in the early 1970’s, argues that the halo of the Milky Way formed over a period of a billion or more years as hundreds of small gas clouds drifted about, collided, lost orbital energy, and finally collapsed into a centrally condensed elliptical system. Larson’s conception of a “lumpy and turbulent” protogalaxy is complemented by computer modeling done in the 1970’s by mathematician Alan Toomre, which suggests that closely interacting spiral galaxies could lose enough orbital energy to merge into a single galaxy.

137.
                The passage is primarily concerned with discussing

(A) the importance of determining the age of globular clusters in assessing when the Milky Way galaxy was formed

(B) recent changes in the procedure used by astronomers to study the formation of the Milky Way galaxy

(C) current disputes among astronomers regarding the size and form of the Milky Way galaxy

(D) the effect of new discoveries regarding globular clusters on theories about the formation of the Milky Way galaxy（D）

(E) the origin, nature, and significance of groups of stars known as globular clusters

不明白为什么是说的effect，B不行吗？

140.
                If Bolte and his colleague are both correct, it can be inferred that the globular cluster Palomar 12 is approximately

(A) 5 billion years younger than any other cluster in the galaxy

(B) the same age as most other clusters in the galaxy

(C) 7 billion years younger than another cluster in the galaxy

(D) 12 billion years younger than most other clusters in the galaxy（C）

(E) 2 billion years younger than most other clusters in the galaxy

这个怎么理解啊，E为什么不行呢？